Withers
by withers: Withers are the ridge between the shoulder blades of an animal. Understanding animal anatomy helps farmers in proper livestock handling and health management.
Author: Alan Nafzger, Ph.D.
Alan Nafzger, Ph.D., is the esteemed Editor-in-Chief of FarmerCowboy.com and a renowned expert in agricultural policy. With a doctorate in political science and a lifelong dedication to farming, Alan brings a unique blend of academic expertise and practical farming experience to his role. His deep understanding of agricultural policy and its impact on farming communities has made him a trusted voice in the field.
Alan’s career is marked by a commitment to advancing agricultural knowledge and practices. As a professor, he has educated and inspired countless students, sharing his extensive knowledge of agricultural policy and its implications. His insights are rooted in a lifetime of hands-on farming experience, providing a practical perspective that complements his academic credentials.
At FarmerCowboy.com, Alan leads with a vision to provide reliable, insightful, and up-to-date information to the farming community. His editorial direction ensures that the content is not only informative but also relevant and beneficial to farmers and agricultural professionals. Alan’s leadership and expertise have solidified FarmerCowboy.com as a go-to resource for agricultural news and analysis.
Alan Nafzger’s blend of academic rigor, practical farming experience, and a passion for agricultural policy make him an invaluable asset to the agricultural community. His contributions continue to shape the future of farming, ensuring that it remains sustainable and productive for generations to come.
Succulent Foods
succulent foods: feedingstuffs which contain a lot of water; they are palatable and filling, and usually have a laxative effect. Most root crops, e.g., swedes and turnips, are succulents. Properly managing succulent foods ensures efficient livestock nutrition and health, supporting farm productivity.
Bacterial Pneumonia
bacterial pneumonia: Pneumonia caused by bacterial infection, notably by pneumococcus. Farmers need to recognize symptoms early and administer proper veterinary care to prevent outbreaks in their herds.
Water Framework Directive
Water Framework Directive: A basis for future policy decisions in the European Union, setting objectives for water use and management and waste water disposal. Abbr WFD. Complying with the Water Framework Directive can improve water management and environmental sustainability on the farm.
Romney
Romney: A hardy breed of sheep found in large numbers on Romney Marsh, which has heavy fine-quality long wool fleece. The Romney half-breed has been developed by crossing Romney ewes with North Country Cheviot rams, and has been widely exported. Also called Kent. Raising Romney sheep provides farmers with high-quality wool and meat, supporting diversified farm income.
Yogurt Production Methods
The methods and processes used to produce yogurt from milk, including fermentation, straining, and flavoring. For example, implementing yogurt production methods to create a variety of yogurt products, including Greek yogurt and flavored yogurt.
Parasitism
parasitism: A state in which one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, and derives its nourishment and other needs from it. Managing parasitism in crops and livestock is vital for preventing economic losses.
Fish
Fish: A cold-blooded vertebrate that lives in water. Some species are eaten for food. Fish are high in protein, phosphorus, iodine, and vitamins A and D. White fish have very little oil. Aquaculture and fish farming provide farmers with valuable protein sources and diversify farm income.
Grain Lifters
grain lifters: Grain lifters are attachments to the cutter bar of a combine harvester that lift stems of beaten-down crops. Using grain lifters ensures efficient harvesting, minimizing crop loss and improving yield.
Fascioliasis
Fascioliasis: A disease caused by an infestation of parasitic liver flukes. Farmers must monitor and treat livestock for fascioliasis to maintain herd health and productivity.
Milk Somatic Cell Count (Scc)
A measure of the number of somatic cells in milk, used as an indicator of udder health and milk quality. High SCC can indicate mastitis. For instance, monitoring SCC to ensure milk quality and manage mastitis in dairy cows.
Digestibility Trial
digestibility trial: A test to measure the digestibility of a known food by recording the weight of food eaten and then excreted. Conducting digestibility trials is important for evaluating the nutritional value of animal diets. Farmers should work with veterinarians and nutritionists to perform digestibility trials and develop balanced and nutritious diets for their livestock. Understanding the results of digestibility trials will aid in effective feed management and improved farm productivity.
Timothy
Timothy: A palatable tufted perennial grass (Phleum pratense). It grows on a wide range of soils and is winter hardy. It is used in grazing mixtures and as a hay plant in conjunction with ryegrass. Growing Timothy grass can provide high-quality forage for livestock, improving nutrition and productivity.
Oxidase
oxidase: An enzyme which encourages oxidation by removing hydrogen. Understanding the role of oxidase in biological processes can help farmers optimize livestock health and feed efficiency. Farmers can benefit from using enzyme supplements to enhance digestion and nutrient absorption in animals.
Digestive Enzymes
digestive enzymes: Enzymes which speed up the process of digestion. Providing digestive enzymes can improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption in livestock. Farmers should work with veterinarians and nutritionists to include digestive enzymes in animal diets as needed. Understanding the benefits and applications of digestive enzymes will aid in effective feed management and improved farm productivity.
Combing Wool
Combing Wool: Combing wool noun a long-stapled wool, suitable for combing and making into worsted. Producing combing wool provides high-quality material for textile production.
Organic Fertilizers
Natural substances used to provide essential nutrients to plants, derived from animal or plant matter. Organic fertilizers improve soil health and support sustainable farming practices. For example, using composted manure as an organic fertilizer for vegetable gardens.
Mammary Glands
mammary glands: glands in females that produce milk. In cows, sheep and goats, the glands are located in the udder. Understanding the function of mammary glands can help farmers manage dairy production more effectively, ensuring better milk yield and quality.
Finishing Ration
Finishing Ration: Feed given to animals to prepare them for slaughter. A finishing ration includes silage, beet pulp, and by-products such as outsize carrots. Proper formulation of finishing rations ensures optimal growth and meat quality.
Digestible
digestible: Able to be digested. Glucose is an easily digestible form of sugar. Providing digestible nutrients is essential for maintaining the health and productivity of livestock. Farmers should work with veterinarians and nutritionists to ensure that animal diets are highly digestible and promote optimal health. Understanding the importance of digestible nutrients will aid in effective feed management and improved farm productivity.
Short Duration Ryegrass
short duration ryegrass: A class of grasses which are important to the farmer, including Westerwolds, Italian and Hybrid. These grasses are quick to establish and give early grazing. They are used where persistency is not important. Farmers benefit from growing short duration ryegrass for quick establishment and early grazing opportunities.
Crofting
Crofting: Crofting /kr?ft??/ noun a system of farming in Scotland, where the arable land of small farms, which was previously held in common, was divided among the joint tenants into separate crofts, while the pasture remains in common. Implementing crofting practices supports rural development and sustainable farming.
Food Pyramid
Food Pyramid: A chart of a food chain showing the number of organisms at each level. Understanding food pyramids helps farmers manage ecosystems and support biodiversity on their farms.
Cattle Estrus Synchronization
A management practice that uses hormones to control and synchronize the estrous cycles of female cattle. Estrous synchronization helps facilitate timed artificial insemination. For instance, synchronizing the estrous cycles of a cowherd to enable mass breeding.
Common Agricultural Policy
Common Agricultural Policy: Common Agricultural Policy noun a set of regulations and mechanisms agreed between members of the European Union to control the supply, marketing, and pricing of farm produce. Abbr CAP. COMMENT: The European Union has set up a common system of agricultural price supports and grants. The system attempts to encourage stable market conditions for agricultural produce, to ensure a fair return for farmers and reasonable market prices for the consumer, and finally to increase yields and productivity on farms in the Union. A system of common prices for the main farm products has been established with intervention buying as the main means of market support. The first major reforms in 30 years were carried out in 1992 and included arable set-aside, suckler cow quotas, ewe quotas, price reductions on oilseeds, peas, beans, cereals, and beet. The second major CAP reform was in 2003 with the introduction of the Single Farm Payment Scheme (SFPS), which brought together individual subsidy schemes into a single payment calculated on the land area used. Understanding the Common Agricultural Policy helps farmers navigate subsidies and market regulations.
Native Breeds
native breeds: plural noun breeds which have been developed in a country, and not brought in from other countries. Native breeds are often well-adapted to local conditions, including climate and available feed resources. Farmers can benefit from raising native breeds as they typically exhibit greater resistance to local diseases, require fewer inputs, and can thrive on locally available feed. This can lead to reduced veterinary costs, improved animal welfare, and sustainable livestock production. Additionally, marketing products from native breeds can attract consumers interested in supporting heritage and local agriculture.
Surface Water
surface water: water that flows across the surface of the soil as a stream after rain and drains into rivers rather than seeping into the soil itself. Compare ground water. Properly managing surface water ensures water conservation and healthy soil conditions, supporting productive agriculture.
Polwarth
Polwarth: An Australian breed of sheep (from Lincoln and Merino) which gives fine wool. Helpful content: Polwarth sheep are known for their high-quality wool and adaptability to various climates. Farmers can benefit from raising this breed due to its dual-purpose nature, providing both meat and wool, and its suitability for different farming conditions.
Emergency Response Planning For Livestock
The preparation and implementation of plans to address emergencies that affect livestock, including natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and equipment failures. For example, developing emergency response plans to protect livestock and ensure continuity of operations.
Anaesthesia
anaesthesia: The loss of the feeling of pain. A process that prevents a person or animal from feeling pain, usually by the use of drugs. The US spelling is anesthesia. Managing anesthesia helps farmers ensure the safety and welfare of livestock during medical procedures.
Metabolic Size
metabolic size: the size of an animal to which the metabolic rate is proportional. Understanding metabolic size can help farmers manage livestock nutrition more effectively, ensuring better growth and productivity.
Primaries
primaries: The main feathers on a birds wing. Also called flight feathers. Helpful content: Understanding the function and health of primary feathers is important for poultry farmers. Proper feather management can enhance bird welfare and productivity, especially in egg-laying and meat production.
Algae Poisoning
algae poisoning: Poisoning caused by toxic substances released when algae decompose. Understanding and preventing algae poisoning is crucial for farmers to protect livestock health.