Category: C

Corned Beef: Corned beef /k?nd bi:f/ noun beef which has been cured in brine and is preserved in cans. Understanding corned beef production aids in managing beef processing and preservation.

Chaptalisation: The addition of sugar to wine to increase the alcohol content. Understanding chaptalization helps farmers and vintners produce balanced and high-quality wines.

Circulation of Carbon: The process by which carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are incorporated into organic compounds in plants during photosynthesis and then oxidized into carbon dioxide again during respiration by plants or herbivores. Understanding carbon cycles helps farmers manage soil health and mitigate climate change impacts.

Chlorophyta: A large group of algae possessing chlorophyll. Understanding algal groups like Chlorophyta helps farmers manage aquatic environments and utilize algae for various agricultural applications.

climate change: Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions. Farmers need to adapt to climate change to maintain crop and livestock productivity.

Chem-: Prefix referring to chemistry or chemicals. Understanding chemical principles helps farmers manage inputs and processes for optimal farm operations.

Crop Relative: Crop relative noun a wild plant that is genetically related to a crop plant. Understanding crop relatives aids in managing crop breeding and genetic diversity.

Corn Marigold: Corn marigold noun a common weed (Chrysanthemum segetum). Managing corn marigold involves using weed control measures to protect crops.

Colloidally: Colloidally /k? l?id?li/ adverb colloidally dispersed particles particles which remain in suspension in a liquid. Using colloidally dispersed agrochemicals ensures even distribution and efficacy.

Calcium Phosphate: The main constituent of bones and bone ash fertilizer. Formula: Ca3(PO4)2. Using calcium phosphate fertilizers improves soil fertility and provides essential nutrients for plant growth, enhancing crop yields.

Cross: Cross verb to produce a new form of plant or animal from two different breeds, varieties, or species They crossed two strains of rice to produce a new strain which is highly resistant to disease. noun 1. an act of crossing two plants or animals made a cross between two strains of cattle 2. a new form of plant or animal bred from two different breeds, varieties, or species. Engaging in crossbreeding practices supports genetic diversity and crop or livestock improvement.

Calving Box: A special pen in which a cow is put to calve. Using a calving box helps ensure a controlled, safe environment for cows during calving, reducing stress and complications.

Calf Pneumonia: A disease caused by a virus, affecting dairy-bred and suckled calves. Preventing calf pneumonia involves good ventilation, vaccination, and early detection to reduce losses and improve herd health.

Coppice Forest: Coppice forest, coppice wood noun woodland that has regrown from shoots formed on the stumps or roots of previously cut trees, usually cut again after a few years to provide small branches for uses such as fuel. Managing coppice forests provides sustainable wood production and enhances forest management.

Cull: Cull noun 1. killing a certain number of living animals to keep the population under control or to remove excess animals from a herd or flock deer cull, dairy cow cull the act of killing a certain number of deer or dairy cows 2. an animal that has been separated from the herd or flock and killed, usually because it is old or of poor quality verb to reduce the numbers of wild animals by killing them in a controlled way Deer may have to be culled each year to control the numbers on the hills. COMMENT: In the management of large wild animals without predators, such as herds of deer in Europe, it is usual to kill some mature animals each year to prevent a large population forming and overgrazing the pasture. Without culling, the population would seriously damage their environment and in the end die back from starvation. In the management of dairy cattle, animals are culled from herds to eradicate disease. Managing culls supports livestock health and population control.

Comb: Comb noun the red fleshy crest on a fowl. Managing fowl health includes monitoring the condition of the comb.

CVO: CVO abbreviation Chief Veterinary Officer. Engaging with the Chief Veterinary Officer supports livestock health and veterinary care.

Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association (CCFRA): A company that carries out research and development for food producers and suppliers. Collaborating with research associations like CCFRA can help farmers adopt innovative practices and improve food production processes.

Companion Animal: Companion animal noun an animal that is kept for company and enjoyable interaction, rather than for work or food. Managing companion animals involves providing proper care, nutrition, and healthcare.

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): A policy framework set by the European Union to regulate agricultural markets and support farmers. Understanding CAP helps farmers navigate regulations, access subsidies, and optimize farm management.

City Farm: A community project using urban or inner-city wasteland for farming and gardening with an ecological approach. Supporting city farms helps promote sustainable urban agriculture and community engagement in farming practices.

Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA): A disease of sheep and goats caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, with symptoms including swollen lymph nodes and abscesses. Preventing CLA involves regular testing, culling infected animals, and maintaining biosecurity measures.

Cats’ Faces: Same as field pansy. Managing field pansy involves using appropriate weed control measures to protect crops and maintain healthy fields.

Contaminated Land: Contaminated land, contaminated site noun an area which has been polluted as a result of human activities such as industrial processes, presenting a hazard to human health, and which needs cleaning before it can be used for other purposes COMMENT: Contaminated land is a feature of most industrialized countries. Careless past management of waste, lack of pollution controls, and many leaks and spills have left a legacy of land contaminated by a wide variety of substances. In some cases, this presents unacceptable risks to human beings, ecosystems, water resources, or property and has to be dealt with by formal remedial measures. Managing contaminated land involves remediation and sustainable land use practices.

Conservation Reserve Program: Conservation Reserve Program noun US a federal programme which pays farmers to let land lie fallow. Abbr CRP. Participating in the Conservation Reserve Program supports soil conservation and environmental protection.

Concentrate: Concentrate noun 1. the strength of a solution, or the quantity of a substance in a specific volume 2. a strong solution which is to be diluted orange juice made from concentrate verb 1. to collect in a particular place rather than spread around Most of the mass of air is concentrated at the lowest levels of the atmosphere. 2. To reduce the volume of a solution and increase its strength by evaporation. Opposite dilute. concentrates concentrates plural noun animal feedingstuffs with a high nutrient relative to their bulk. Utilizing concentrates ensures high nutrient density in animal feed for optimal growth and productivity.

Citrus Fruit: The edible fruits of evergreen citrus trees, including oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes. Growing citrus fruits provides nutritious produce for fresh markets and processing, contributing to farm income.

Cattleman: A person who looks after cattle. Employing skilled cattlemen ensures the health and productivity of the herd, contributing to successful livestock operations.

Corn on the Cob: Corn on the cob noun a seed head of maize when used as food. Harvesting and utilizing corn on the cob provides a nutritious food source.

Crop Circles: Crop circles plural noun usually circular patterns occurring in cereal stands, where crops have been flattened. Investigating crop circles involves understanding natural and human-made patterns in agriculture.

Cesspool: A tank for household sewage, constructed in the ground near a house not connected to the main drainage system. Managing cesspools involves regular maintenance to prevent contamination and ensure environmental safety.

Celery: A vegetable plant (Apium graveolens) with thick edible leaf stalks. Growing celery provides nutritious food and valuable produce for fresh markets and processing, contributing to farm income.

Cleveland Bay: A breed of light draught horse. Raising Cleveland Bay horses provides valuable animals for work and recreation, contributing to farm productivity and income.

Crest: Crest noun 1. the highest point of a hill or mountain ridge 2. a growth on the head of a bird or other animal. Understanding crest formation aids in managing livestock health and veterinary care.

Codex: Codex /k??deks/ noun a United Nations food standards body run by FAO and WHO to develop international food safety and quality standards. Engaging with Codex helps farmers comply with food safety regulations and improve product marketability.

Cypress: Cypress /sa?pr?s/ noun a tree (Cupressus sempervirens) of the Mediterranean region, the wood of which is used for furniture. Cultivating cypress trees provides valuable timber resources.

Coppice: Coppice /k?pis/ noun an area of trees which have been cut down to near the ground to allow shoots to grow which are then harvested. The shoots may be used as fuel or for making products such as baskets or fencing. verb to cut trees down to near the ground to produce strong straight shoots Coppiced wood can be dried for use in wood-burning stoves. Compare pollard COMMENT: The best trees for coppicing are those which naturally send up several tall straight stems from a bole, such as hazel and sweet chestnut. In coppice management, the normal cycle is about five to ten years of growth, after which the stems are cut back. Thick stems are dried and used as fuel, or for making charcoal. Thin stems are used for fencing. Cash aid under the set-aside scheme could be used for short-rotation energy coppicing. Implementing coppicing practices provides sustainable wood production and enhances forest management.

Contamination: Contamination /k?ntmin ei?(?)n/ noun 1. the action of making something impure the contamination of the water supply by runoff from the fields 2. The state of something such as water or food which has been contaminated and so is harmful to living organisms The level of contamination is dropping. Preventing contamination ensures product safety and protects consumer health.

Coniferous: Coniferous /k? nif(?)r?s/ adjective referring to conifers. Managing coniferous forests involves sustainable forestry practices and timber production.

Croup: Croup /kru:p/ noun part of the back of a horse, near the tail. Understanding croup anatomy aids in managing livestock health and veterinary care.

Controlled Dumping: Controlled dumping noun the disposal of waste on special sites. Implementing controlled dumping practices ensures safe waste disposal and environmental protection.

Crossing: Crossing noun the breeding of plants or animals from two different breeds or varieties. Engaging in crossing practices supports genetic diversity and crop or livestock improvement.

Common Hemp Nettle: Common hemp nettle noun a weed (Galeopsis tetrahit) found in spring cereals and vegetables. Also called day-nettle, glidewort. Managing common hemp nettle involves using integrated weed management strategies.

Cruels: Cruels /kru:?lz/ noun same as actinobacillosis. Managing cruels involves providing proper healthcare and treatment for livestock.

Conference: Conference noun a popular variety of dessert pear. It has a long shape and keeps very well. Cultivating Conference pears provides high-quality fruit for markets and enhances orchard production.

Colonisation: Colonisation /k?l?nai zei?(?)n/, colonization noun the act of colonising a place Islands are particularly subject to colonisation by species of plants or animals introduced by people. Managing colonisation helps control invasive species and protect native ecosystems.

Cubicle: Cubicle noun a compartment, similar to a stall, for housing a single cow or bull, the floor of each cubicle being covered with straw or sawdust for bedding. Cubicles are usually arranged in rows backed by a dunging passage. Utilizing cubicles provides proper housing and management for livestock.

Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate social responsibility noun the extent to which an organization behaves in a socially, environmentally, and financially responsible way. Abbr CSR. ‘The Government agreed with the committee’s criticism of the role of supermarket and that supermarkets’ corporate social responsibility policies need to address the use of labor by their suppliers.’ [Farmers Guardian]. Engaging in corporate social responsibility supports sustainable and ethical business practices.

Commensal: Commensal /k?mens?l/ noun an organism which lives on another plant or animal but does not harm it or influence it in any way. Parasite, symbiont adjective referring to a commensal. Understanding commensal relationships helps manage ecosystem balance and biodiversity.

Cobalt 52: Mixture of clay, gravel, and straw used as a building material. This traditional method supports sustainable construction practices on farms.