Category: C

Countryside Alliance: Countryside Alliance noun an organization which lobbies the Government on policy and legislation affecting rural life. Engaging with the Countryside Alliance supports advocacy and policy development for rural communities.

Common Eyespot: Common eyespot noun eyespot. Managing common eyespot involves using disease-resistant crop varieties and appropriate fungicides.

Country Stewardship: Country stewardship noun countryside stewardship. Implementing country stewardship practices promotes biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.

Cruciferae: Cruciferae /kru: s?f?ri:/ noun former name for Brassicaceae. Cultivating crucifer crops provides nutritious vegetables for markets.

Cadmium: A metallic element naturally present in soil and rock, often associated with zinc. Monitoring cadmium levels in soil helps farmers prevent heavy metal contamination in crops, ensuring food safety and complying with agricultural regulations.

Contractor: Contractor noun company or person who carries out contract work for a farmer. Engaging with contractors provides specialized services and expertise for farm operations.

Closewool: One of the breeds of sheep with short dense wool, such as the Devon closewool. Raising closewool sheep supports wool production and offers high-quality meat, contributing to farm income.

Chocolate Spot: A fungal disease of winter beans caused by Botrytis cinerea or Botrytis fabae. Managing chocolate spot involves using appropriate fungicides and cultural practices to protect crops and ensure healthy yields.

Clostridial Disease: A disease caused by Clostridium, such as pasteurellosis. Preventing clostridial diseases involves using appropriate vaccines and biosecurity measures to protect livestock health.

Country Code: Country code /k?ntri k??d/ noun a voluntary code of conduct for people spending leisure time in the countryside, which indicates how to respect the natural environment and avoid causing damage to it. Understanding the country code supports sustainable tourism and environmental protection.

Cowpox: Cowpox /ka?p?ks/ noun an infectious viral disease of cattle, which can be transmitted to humans. It is used as part of the vaccine against smallpox. Also called vaccinia. Managing cowpox involves vaccination and biosecurity measures to protect livestock and human health.

Cleansing: Same as afterbirth. Understanding reproductive health, including cleansing, helps farmers manage livestock breeding and ensure animal welfare.

Churn: A large metal milk container or the act of shaking a liquid violently to mix it. Using churns helps farmers manage dairy operations and produce high-quality milk products.

Cornflower: Cornflower /k?nfla??/ noun a common weed (Centaurea cyanus) with tall stems and bright blue flowers. Managing cornflower involves using weed control measures to protect crops.

Certificate: An official paper stating something, such as the National Certificate in Agriculture. Obtaining agricultural certificates demonstrates expertise and compliance with industry standards, enhancing farm credibility.

Capillary Action: The movement of a liquid upwards inside a narrow tube or through the soil. Understanding capillary action helps farmers manage soil moisture and irrigation to support healthy crop growth.

Chemical of Concern: A list of chemicals identified as having potential risks to human health or the environment. Understanding and managing chemicals of concern helps farmers protect their operations and the environment from harmful effects.

Cutter Bar Mower: Cutter bar mower noun a machine used to cut grass and other upright crops (NOTE: The knife cutter bar mower has mostly been replaced by the rotary mower). Utilizing cutter bar mowers enhances farm machinery efficiency and crop harvesting.

Crust: Crust noun a hard layer which forms on the surface of something, e.g. the crust of salts formed on soil after evaporation. Managing soil crusts involves using soil management practices to enhance soil health and structure.

Carbon Sequestration: The uptake and storage of carbon by trees and other plants absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Practicing carbon sequestration through tree planting and cover crops helps mitigate climate change and improve soil health.

Committee of Professional Agricultural Organizations: Committee of Professional Agricultural Organizations noun an organization which represents the interests of farmers from all European member states. Abbr COPA. Engaging with COPA supports advocacy and policy development for farmers.

Catch: The amount of fish caught. Implementing sustainable fishing practices helps manage fish stocks and ensure long-term productivity and environmental health.

Country Land and Business Association: Country Land and Business Association noun an organization representing the interests of landowners (NOTE: Formerly called the ‘Country Landowners Association’). Engaging with the Country Land and Business Association supports advocacy and policy development for landowners.

Chemotherapeutic: Using chemicals synthesized or produced by living organisms to treat diseases. Implementing chemotherapeutic practices helps farmers manage livestock health and prevent disease outbreaks.

CROW Act: CROW Act abbreviation Countryside and Rights of Way Act. Understanding the CROW Act supports sustainable land use and environmental protection.

Chamomile: Same as mayweed. Growing chamomile provides a specialty crop for herbal markets, enhancing farm product diversity and income.

Corned Beef: Corned beef /k?nd bi:f/ noun beef which has been cured in brine and is preserved in cans. Understanding corned beef production aids in managing beef processing and preservation.

Chaptalisation: The addition of sugar to wine to increase the alcohol content. Understanding chaptalization helps farmers and vintners produce balanced and high-quality wines.

Circulation of Carbon: The process by which carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are incorporated into organic compounds in plants during photosynthesis and then oxidized into carbon dioxide again during respiration by plants or herbivores. Understanding carbon cycles helps farmers manage soil health and mitigate climate change impacts.

Chlorophyta: A large group of algae possessing chlorophyll. Understanding algal groups like Chlorophyta helps farmers manage aquatic environments and utilize algae for various agricultural applications.

climate change: Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions. Farmers need to adapt to climate change to maintain crop and livestock productivity.

Chem-: Prefix referring to chemistry or chemicals. Understanding chemical principles helps farmers manage inputs and processes for optimal farm operations.

Crop Relative: Crop relative noun a wild plant that is genetically related to a crop plant. Understanding crop relatives aids in managing crop breeding and genetic diversity.

Corn Marigold: Corn marigold noun a common weed (Chrysanthemum segetum). Managing corn marigold involves using weed control measures to protect crops.

Colloidally: Colloidally /k? l?id?li/ adverb colloidally dispersed particles particles which remain in suspension in a liquid. Using colloidally dispersed agrochemicals ensures even distribution and efficacy.

Calcium Phosphate: The main constituent of bones and bone ash fertilizer. Formula: Ca3(PO4)2. Using calcium phosphate fertilizers improves soil fertility and provides essential nutrients for plant growth, enhancing crop yields.

Cross: Cross verb to produce a new form of plant or animal from two different breeds, varieties, or species They crossed two strains of rice to produce a new strain which is highly resistant to disease. noun 1. an act of crossing two plants or animals made a cross between two strains of cattle 2. a new form of plant or animal bred from two different breeds, varieties, or species. Engaging in crossbreeding practices supports genetic diversity and crop or livestock improvement.

Calving Box: A special pen in which a cow is put to calve. Using a calving box helps ensure a controlled, safe environment for cows during calving, reducing stress and complications.

Calf Pneumonia: A disease caused by a virus, affecting dairy-bred and suckled calves. Preventing calf pneumonia involves good ventilation, vaccination, and early detection to reduce losses and improve herd health.

Coppice Forest: Coppice forest, coppice wood noun woodland that has regrown from shoots formed on the stumps or roots of previously cut trees, usually cut again after a few years to provide small branches for uses such as fuel. Managing coppice forests provides sustainable wood production and enhances forest management.

Cull: Cull noun 1. killing a certain number of living animals to keep the population under control or to remove excess animals from a herd or flock deer cull, dairy cow cull the act of killing a certain number of deer or dairy cows 2. an animal that has been separated from the herd or flock and killed, usually because it is old or of poor quality verb to reduce the numbers of wild animals by killing them in a controlled way Deer may have to be culled each year to control the numbers on the hills. COMMENT: In the management of large wild animals without predators, such as herds of deer in Europe, it is usual to kill some mature animals each year to prevent a large population forming and overgrazing the pasture. Without culling, the population would seriously damage their environment and in the end die back from starvation. In the management of dairy cattle, animals are culled from herds to eradicate disease. Managing culls supports livestock health and population control.

Comb: Comb noun the red fleshy crest on a fowl. Managing fowl health includes monitoring the condition of the comb.

CVO: CVO abbreviation Chief Veterinary Officer. Engaging with the Chief Veterinary Officer supports livestock health and veterinary care.

Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association (CCFRA): A company that carries out research and development for food producers and suppliers. Collaborating with research associations like CCFRA can help farmers adopt innovative practices and improve food production processes.

Companion Animal: Companion animal noun an animal that is kept for company and enjoyable interaction, rather than for work or food. Managing companion animals involves providing proper care, nutrition, and healthcare.

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): A policy framework set by the European Union to regulate agricultural markets and support farmers. Understanding CAP helps farmers navigate regulations, access subsidies, and optimize farm management.

City Farm: A community project using urban or inner-city wasteland for farming and gardening with an ecological approach. Supporting city farms helps promote sustainable urban agriculture and community engagement in farming practices.

Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA): A disease of sheep and goats caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, with symptoms including swollen lymph nodes and abscesses. Preventing CLA involves regular testing, culling infected animals, and maintaining biosecurity measures.

Cats’ Faces: Same as field pansy. Managing field pansy involves using appropriate weed control measures to protect crops and maintain healthy fields.

Contaminated Land: Contaminated land, contaminated site noun an area which has been polluted as a result of human activities such as industrial processes, presenting a hazard to human health, and which needs cleaning before it can be used for other purposes COMMENT: Contaminated land is a feature of most industrialized countries. Careless past management of waste, lack of pollution controls, and many leaks and spills have left a legacy of land contaminated by a wide variety of substances. In some cases, this presents unacceptable risks to human beings, ecosystems, water resources, or property and has to be dealt with by formal remedial measures. Managing contaminated land involves remediation and sustainable land use practices.