Category: C

Clean Land: Land that is free of weeds. Maintaining clean land supports healthy crop growth and reduces competition for resources.

Cambridge Roller: A heavy roller with a ribbed surface, consisting of a number of heavy iron wheels or rings, each with a ridge about 4 cm high. Using a Cambridge roller provides an excellent seedbed for grass and clover seeds, promoting healthy germination and growth.

Cleg: Same as horsefly. Managing clegs involves using appropriate pest control measures to protect livestock and reduce irritation.

Commercial Market: Commercial market noun a market for cattle or sheep for meat rather than for breeding. Compare pedigree market. Understanding commercial markets helps farmers make informed decisions about livestock sales.

Chemical: A substance formed of chemical elements or produced by a chemical process. Proper use of chemicals in agriculture ensures crop protection and productivity while maintaining environmental safety.

Codling Moth: Codling moth noun a serious pest, the larvae of which burrow into apple fruit. Managing codling moths involves using integrated pest management strategies to protect apple crops.

Census: A survey of a specific population to assess numbers and other features. Conducting agricultural censuses helps farmers and policymakers understand trends and make informed decisions about resource allocation and management.

Chlorine: A greenish chemical element used to sterilize water and for bleaching. Managing chlorine use helps farmers maintain water quality and protect crops and livestock from harmful pathogens.

Calcium: A metallic chemical element naturally present in limestone and chalk, essential for biological processes. Calcium is crucial for various bodily functions, including blood clotting and bone formation. In farming, calcium is vital for soil structure and plant health, promoting strong cell walls and aiding in nutrient absorption. Farmers use calcium amendments to correct soil pH and prevent nutrient deficiencies.

Colloid: Colloid /k?l?id/ noun a substance with very small particles that do not settle but remain in suspension in a liquid. Understanding colloids helps in the formulation of pesticides and fertilizers.

Casual Labourer: A worker hired for a short period from time to time, such as a student hired to pick soft fruit. Employing casual laborers provides flexibility in managing farm operations during peak seasons.

Corn Starch: Corn starch noun same as cornflour. Utilizing corn starch provides a versatile thickening agent for culinary use.

Complications: Complications plural noun secondary medical problems developing as part of an existing medical condition The patient may develop complications after surgery. Managing complications involves providing proper veterinary care and monitoring animal health.

Cream: Cream noun the oily part of milk, containing fats, which gathers on the top of standing milk. Utilizing cream provides valuable dairy products for markets.

Caerphilly: A hard white cheese, originally made in South Wales. Producing cheeses like Caerphilly adds value to dairy operations and diversifies farm products, increasing farm revenue.

Chilli: Same as chilli pepper, or a very pungent spice or sauce made from ground chilli peppers and other ingredients. Growing chillies provides a specialty crop for culinary use, enhancing farm product diversity and income.

Certify: To give official approval to something or state officially that something is what it claims to be. Achieving certification demonstrates compliance with industry standards and enhances farm credibility.

Cerebrospinal Fluid: The colorless fluid filling spaces around and within the brain and spinal cord, cushioning against injury. Understanding livestock physiology, including cerebrospinal fluid, helps farmers manage animal health and diagnose conditions.

Chemical Element: A substance such as iron, calcium, or oxygen, existing independently and not formed from a combination of other substances. Understanding chemical elements aids in managing soil fertility and livestock nutrition for optimal farm productivity.

Cote: Cote /k??t/ noun dove cote. Using cotes ensures proper housing and management of doves and pigeons.

Calorie: A unit of measurement of heat or energy. Symbol: cal. Ensuring livestock receive adequate calories is essential for maintaining their energy levels, health, and productivity.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease /kr??tsf?lt jæ:k?b d?zi:z/ noun a disease of the human nervous system caused by a slow-acting prion which eventually affects the brain. It may be linked to BSE in cows. Abbr CJD. Managing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease involves implementing biosecurity measures to protect livestock and human health.

Cast Sheep: A sheep lying on its back and unable to get up again. Monitoring and managing cast sheep involves providing appropriate care to prevent injury and ensure animal welfare.

Carotene: An orange or red pigment in carrots, egg yolk, and some natural oils, converted by the liver into vitamin A. Managing carotene intake in livestock diets ensures they receive adequate vitamin A for healthy growth and reproduction.

Case Hardening: The formation of a hard surface on a piece of food by deposition of sugar or salt. Understanding case hardening helps farmers and food processors ensure the quality and preservation of food products.

Calorific Value: Same as energy value. Understanding the calorific value of feed helps farmers formulate balanced diets for their livestock, promoting optimal health and growth.

Cade Lamb: A lamb reared from a bottle due to the death of its mother. Raising cade lambs ensures the survival of orphaned lambs, contributing to overall flock productivity.

Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbitaceae /kju:k?:b?tæsi:i:/ noun the Latin name for vine crops, the family of plants including melons, marrows, and gourds. Also called the cucurbits. Cultivating cucurbit crops provides nutritious vegetables for markets.

Coffee Berry Borer: Coffee berry borer /k?fi beri b?r?/ noun a small beetle which lays its eggs inside green coffee berries. Managing coffee berry borers is crucial for maintaining coffee crop quality and yield.

Conifer: Conifer noun a tree with long thin needle-shaped leaves and bearing seed in scaly cones. Most are evergreen. COMMENT: Conifers are members of the order Coniferales and include pines, firs, and spruce. They are natives of the cooler temperate regions, are softwoods, and often grow very fast. Their tough leaves are called needles and are resistant to cold and drought. They are frequently used in timber plantations. Growing conifers provides valuable timber and enhances forest management.

CS: CS symbol caesium. Understanding caesium aids in managing soil health and crop nutrition.

Cell: The basic independently functioning unit of all plant and animal tissue. Understanding cell biology aids farmers in managing plant and animal health for optimal productivity.

Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of livestock that can be supported in a given area. Understanding carrying capacity helps farmers manage grazing practices and maintain healthy pasturelands.

Cow: Cow noun a female bovine animal. Raising cows provides valuable milk and meat resources for markets.

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE): A disease of goats characterized by swollen joints and pneumonia, spread by contact with saliva and milk. Preventing CAE involves regular testing, culling infected animals, and maintaining biosecurity measures.

Confederation of European Maize Producers: Confederation of European Maize Producers noun an organization representing the interests of European farmers who produce maize. Engaging with the Confederation of European Maize Producers supports advocacy and policy development for maize farmers.

Cloaca: The terminal region of the gut with intestinal, urinary, and genital canals opening into it. Understanding livestock anatomy, including the cloaca, helps farmers manage animal health and diagnose conditions.

Cottage Piggery: Cottage piggery noun a pig housing with low roofs and an open yard. Utilizing cottage piggeries provides proper housing and management for pigs.

Cow Beef: Cow beef noun beef from dairy cows no longer needed for milk production. Utilizing cow beef provides valuable meat resources.

Contact: Contact noun a physical connection between two or more things, especially the fact of one touching the other Don’t allow the part to come into contact with water. Managing contact involves preventing contamination and ensuring product quality.

Case: An outer covering or a single occurrence of a disease. Properly managing cases of disease involves implementing biosecurity measures and providing appropriate veterinary care to protect livestock health.

Clayey: Containing clay. Understanding soil composition helps farmers manage fertility and optimize crop production on clayey lands.

Cattle Grid: A type of grill covering a hole in the road to prevent stock from crossing but allowing vehicles and humans to pass. Using cattle grids helps farmers manage livestock movement and protect pasturelands.

Cross-Compliance: Cross-compliance noun the setting of environmental conditions that must be met when developing agricultural support policies, especially in the European Union. Also called environmental conditionality. ‘While there is some evidence to suggest that farmers in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones are taking greater account of the value of manures it is becoming increasingly apparent that cross-compliance, and therefore the Single Payment Scheme, also requires farmers to make allowances for the nutrients in any organic matter applied.’ [Farmers Guardian]. Engaging in cross-compliance practices supports sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

Canopy: A layer of branches and leaves of trees that shade the ground underneath. Managing forest canopies supports biodiversity and protects soil from erosion, benefiting overall farm ecosystem health.

Concentration: Concentration noun the amount of a substance in a given volume or mass of a solution. Understanding concentration aids in formulating effective agrochemicals and fertilizers.

Chalaza: A coil of fibrous protein holding the yolk in the center of an egg. Understanding egg anatomy, including chalaza, helps farmers and processors ensure egg quality and safety for consumption.

Cyst Nematodes: Cyst nematodes plural noun dark brown lemon-shaped cysts, which live and breed in the roots of cereals, mainly oats. The crops will show patches of stunted yellowish-green plants. Managing cyst nematodes involves using integrated pest management strategies to protect crops.

Clean Pasture: Pasture left ungrazed for four to six weeks after contamination with parasitic worm larvae. Using clean pasture management practices helps farmers reduce parasite burdens and maintain healthy livestock.

Cats’ Faces: Same as field pansy. Managing field pansy involves using appropriate weed control measures to protect crops and maintain healthy fields.