Category: C

Cow: Cow noun a female bovine animal. Raising cows provides valuable milk and meat resources for markets.

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE): A disease of goats characterized by swollen joints and pneumonia, spread by contact with saliva and milk. Preventing CAE involves regular testing, culling infected animals, and maintaining biosecurity measures.

Confederation of European Maize Producers: Confederation of European Maize Producers noun an organization representing the interests of European farmers who produce maize. Engaging with the Confederation of European Maize Producers supports advocacy and policy development for maize farmers.

Cloaca: The terminal region of the gut with intestinal, urinary, and genital canals opening into it. Understanding livestock anatomy, including the cloaca, helps farmers manage animal health and diagnose conditions.

Cottage Piggery: Cottage piggery noun a pig housing with low roofs and an open yard. Utilizing cottage piggeries provides proper housing and management for pigs.

Cow Beef: Cow beef noun beef from dairy cows no longer needed for milk production. Utilizing cow beef provides valuable meat resources.

Contact: Contact noun a physical connection between two or more things, especially the fact of one touching the other Don’t allow the part to come into contact with water. Managing contact involves preventing contamination and ensuring product quality.

Case: An outer covering or a single occurrence of a disease. Properly managing cases of disease involves implementing biosecurity measures and providing appropriate veterinary care to protect livestock health.

Clayey: Containing clay. Understanding soil composition helps farmers manage fertility and optimize crop production on clayey lands.

Cattle Grid: A type of grill covering a hole in the road to prevent stock from crossing but allowing vehicles and humans to pass. Using cattle grids helps farmers manage livestock movement and protect pasturelands.

Cross-Compliance: Cross-compliance noun the setting of environmental conditions that must be met when developing agricultural support policies, especially in the European Union. Also called environmental conditionality. ‘While there is some evidence to suggest that farmers in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones are taking greater account of the value of manures it is becoming increasingly apparent that cross-compliance, and therefore the Single Payment Scheme, also requires farmers to make allowances for the nutrients in any organic matter applied.’ [Farmers Guardian]. Engaging in cross-compliance practices supports sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

Canopy: A layer of branches and leaves of trees that shade the ground underneath. Managing forest canopies supports biodiversity and protects soil from erosion, benefiting overall farm ecosystem health.

Concentration: Concentration noun the amount of a substance in a given volume or mass of a solution. Understanding concentration aids in formulating effective agrochemicals and fertilizers.

Chalaza: A coil of fibrous protein holding the yolk in the center of an egg. Understanding egg anatomy, including chalaza, helps farmers and processors ensure egg quality and safety for consumption.

Cyst Nematodes: Cyst nematodes plural noun dark brown lemon-shaped cysts, which live and breed in the roots of cereals, mainly oats. The crops will show patches of stunted yellowish-green plants. Managing cyst nematodes involves using integrated pest management strategies to protect crops.

Clean Pasture: Pasture left ungrazed for four to six weeks after contamination with parasitic worm larvae. Using clean pasture management practices helps farmers reduce parasite burdens and maintain healthy livestock.

Cats’ Faces: Same as field pansy. Managing field pansy involves using appropriate weed control measures to protect crops and maintain healthy fields.

Cu: Cu symbol copper. Understanding copper’s role in biology and industry aids in managing soil health and crop nutrition.

Currant: Currant noun 1. a small dried seedless black grape 2. a small round juicy fruit from a bush, e.g. a blackcurrant. Cultivating currants provides nutritious fruit for markets.

Cultivation: Cultivation /k?lt?ve???n/ noun the action of cultivating land or plants. Engaging in cultivation practices supports sustainable agriculture and crop production.

Canning Factory: A factory where food is canned. Operating or utilizing canning factories helps farmers preserve and market their produce, reducing waste and increasing profitability.

Cropland: Cropland /kr?plænd/ noun agricultural land which is used for growing crops. Managing cropland supports sustainable farming practices and crop production.

Casein: A protein found in milk, precipitated by acid contact to form cheese. Managing casein in dairy production is crucial for cheese making and ensuring high-quality dairy products.

Combing Wool: Combing wool noun a long-stapled wool, suitable for combing and making into worsted. Producing combing wool provides high-quality material for textile production.

Colon: Colon noun the large intestine, running from the caecum to the rectum. Understanding animal digestive systems aids in effective livestock nutrition management.

Crofting: Crofting /kr?ft??/ noun a system of farming in Scotland, where the arable land of small farms, which was previously held in common, was divided among the joint tenants into separate crofts, while the pasture remains in common. Implementing crofting practices supports rural development and sustainable farming.

Common Agricultural Policy: Common Agricultural Policy noun a set of regulations and mechanisms agreed between members of the European Union to control the supply, marketing, and pricing of farm produce. Abbr CAP. COMMENT: The European Union has set up a common system of agricultural price supports and grants. The system attempts to encourage stable market conditions for agricultural produce, to ensure a fair return for farmers and reasonable market prices for the consumer, and finally to increase yields and productivity on farms in the Union. A system of common prices for the main farm products has been established with intervention buying as the main means of market support. The first major reforms in 30 years were carried out in 1992 and included arable set-aside, suckler cow quotas, ewe quotas, price reductions on oilseeds, peas, beans, cereals, and beet. The second major CAP reform was in 2003 with the introduction of the Single Farm Payment Scheme (SFPS), which brought together individual subsidy schemes into a single payment calculated on the land area used. Understanding the Common Agricultural Policy helps farmers navigate subsidies and market regulations.

Cereal: A type of grass cultivated for its grains, used to make flour, animal feed, or produce alcohol. Growing cereal crops provides staple food and feed sources, contributing to farm productivity and food security.

Cochin: Cochin /k?t?in/ noun a breed of domestic fowl originating in China. Raising Cochins provides valuable poultry products and contributes to farm diversity.

Cluster: The four cup attachments of a milking machine attached to the teats of a cow’s udder. Using milking clusters helps farmers manage dairy operations efficiently and ensure high-quality milk production.

Cubed Concentrates: Cubed concentrates plural noun concentrates for livestock in the form of small cubes. Utilizing cubed concentrates enhances feed quality and management for livestock.

Caper: A Mediterranean shrub whose flower buds are used as a flavoring. Cultivating capers provides a specialty crop for gourmet markets, diversifying farm products and income.

Cycle: Cycle noun a series of actions which end at the same point as they begin With the piston engine, the cycle is intermittent, whereas in the gas turbine, each process is continuous. Understanding cycles aids in managing agricultural production and machinery efficiency.

Chromosomal: Referring to chromosomes. Understanding chromosomal structures and functions aids farmers in managing plant and animal breeding for optimal productivity.

Clun Forest: A hardy grass hill breed of sheep with fine dense fleece, a dark brown face, and a permanent topknot. Raising Clun Forest sheep provides high-quality wool and meat, contributing to farm productivity and income.

Compost Heap: Compost heap noun a pile of organic, especially plant, waste, usually kept in a container and left to decay gradually, being turned over occasionally. It is used as a fertilizer and soil improver. Managing compost heaps involves regular turning and monitoring to ensure proper decomposition.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (UK Regulations) noun full form of COSHH. Engaging with COSHH ensures compliance with health and safety regulations for hazardous substances.

Convert: Convert verb to change something to a different system, set of rules, or state How do you convert degrees C into degrees F? Photochemical reactions convert oxygen to ozone. She has converted her car to take LPG. Understanding conversion processes aids in managing resources and adapting to new systems.

Cross-Fertilization: Cross-fertilization noun the fertilizing of one individual plant by another of the same species. Engaging in cross-fertilization practices supports genetic diversity and crop improvement.

Countryside Council for Wales: Countryside Council for Wales noun a statutory advisory body of the UK government responsible for sustaining natural beauty, wildlife, and outdoor leisure opportunities in Wales and its coastal areas. Abbr CCW. Engaging with the Countryside Council for Wales supports rural conservation and sustainable land use practices.

Cider: A fermented drink made from apple juice. Producing cider provides a value-added product for farms, enhancing product diversity and income.

Chickpea: A legume crop grown for its large round pale-yellow seeds, important in India and Pakistan as a source of protein. Growing chickpeas provides valuable protein-rich food for local and global markets, enhancing farm productivity.

Canadian Holstein: A breed of dairy cattle known for high milk production. Raising Canadian Holsteins can enhance dairy farm productivity, providing abundant milk supply.

companion planting: The practice of growing different plants together for mutual benefit. Companion planting can improve pest control, pollination, and crop yield.

Certification: The process of obtaining or giving approval for something, such as carrying out a particular type of test. Achieving certification demonstrates compliance with industry standards and enhances farm credibility.

Crude Protein: Crude protein noun an approximate measure of the protein content of foods. Understanding crude protein content aids in managing livestock nutrition and health.

Commodity Mountain: Commodity mountain noun a surplus of a certain agricultural product produced in the EU, e.g. the ‘butter mountain.’ Understanding commodity mountains helps manage supply and demand in agricultural markets.

Clostridial: Referring to Clostridium, a type of bacterium. Managing clostridial diseases involves using appropriate vaccines and biosecurity measures to protect livestock health.

Cashmere: A very fine down undercoat on a goat, less than 18 microns thick. Raising cashmere goats provides high-value wool for the textile industry, enhancing farm income.

Commercial Grain Farming: Commercial grain farming noun a highly mechanized agricultural system in which large areas of mid-latitude grasslands are given over to cereal cultivation. Implementing commercial grain farming techniques increases crop yields and efficiency.