Category: C

Cu: Cu symbol copper. Understanding copper’s role in biology and industry aids in managing soil health and crop nutrition.

Currant: Currant noun 1. a small dried seedless black grape 2. a small round juicy fruit from a bush, e.g. a blackcurrant. Cultivating currants provides nutritious fruit for markets.

Cultivation: Cultivation /k?lt?ve???n/ noun the action of cultivating land or plants. Engaging in cultivation practices supports sustainable agriculture and crop production.

Canning Factory: A factory where food is canned. Operating or utilizing canning factories helps farmers preserve and market their produce, reducing waste and increasing profitability.

Cropland: Cropland /kr?plænd/ noun agricultural land which is used for growing crops. Managing cropland supports sustainable farming practices and crop production.

Casein: A protein found in milk, precipitated by acid contact to form cheese. Managing casein in dairy production is crucial for cheese making and ensuring high-quality dairy products.

Combing Wool: Combing wool noun a long-stapled wool, suitable for combing and making into worsted. Producing combing wool provides high-quality material for textile production.

Colon: Colon noun the large intestine, running from the caecum to the rectum. Understanding animal digestive systems aids in effective livestock nutrition management.

Crofting: Crofting /kr?ft??/ noun a system of farming in Scotland, where the arable land of small farms, which was previously held in common, was divided among the joint tenants into separate crofts, while the pasture remains in common. Implementing crofting practices supports rural development and sustainable farming.

Common Agricultural Policy: Common Agricultural Policy noun a set of regulations and mechanisms agreed between members of the European Union to control the supply, marketing, and pricing of farm produce. Abbr CAP. COMMENT: The European Union has set up a common system of agricultural price supports and grants. The system attempts to encourage stable market conditions for agricultural produce, to ensure a fair return for farmers and reasonable market prices for the consumer, and finally to increase yields and productivity on farms in the Union. A system of common prices for the main farm products has been established with intervention buying as the main means of market support. The first major reforms in 30 years were carried out in 1992 and included arable set-aside, suckler cow quotas, ewe quotas, price reductions on oilseeds, peas, beans, cereals, and beet. The second major CAP reform was in 2003 with the introduction of the Single Farm Payment Scheme (SFPS), which brought together individual subsidy schemes into a single payment calculated on the land area used. Understanding the Common Agricultural Policy helps farmers navigate subsidies and market regulations.

Cereal: A type of grass cultivated for its grains, used to make flour, animal feed, or produce alcohol. Growing cereal crops provides staple food and feed sources, contributing to farm productivity and food security.

Cochin: Cochin /k?t?in/ noun a breed of domestic fowl originating in China. Raising Cochins provides valuable poultry products and contributes to farm diversity.

Cluster: The four cup attachments of a milking machine attached to the teats of a cow’s udder. Using milking clusters helps farmers manage dairy operations efficiently and ensure high-quality milk production.

Cubed Concentrates: Cubed concentrates plural noun concentrates for livestock in the form of small cubes. Utilizing cubed concentrates enhances feed quality and management for livestock.

Caper: A Mediterranean shrub whose flower buds are used as a flavoring. Cultivating capers provides a specialty crop for gourmet markets, diversifying farm products and income.

Cycle: Cycle noun a series of actions which end at the same point as they begin With the piston engine, the cycle is intermittent, whereas in the gas turbine, each process is continuous. Understanding cycles aids in managing agricultural production and machinery efficiency.

Chromosomal: Referring to chromosomes. Understanding chromosomal structures and functions aids farmers in managing plant and animal breeding for optimal productivity.

Clun Forest: A hardy grass hill breed of sheep with fine dense fleece, a dark brown face, and a permanent topknot. Raising Clun Forest sheep provides high-quality wool and meat, contributing to farm productivity and income.

Compost Heap: Compost heap noun a pile of organic, especially plant, waste, usually kept in a container and left to decay gradually, being turned over occasionally. It is used as a fertilizer and soil improver. Managing compost heaps involves regular turning and monitoring to ensure proper decomposition.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (UK Regulations) noun full form of COSHH. Engaging with COSHH ensures compliance with health and safety regulations for hazardous substances.

Convert: Convert verb to change something to a different system, set of rules, or state How do you convert degrees C into degrees F? Photochemical reactions convert oxygen to ozone. She has converted her car to take LPG. Understanding conversion processes aids in managing resources and adapting to new systems.

Cross-Fertilization: Cross-fertilization noun the fertilizing of one individual plant by another of the same species. Engaging in cross-fertilization practices supports genetic diversity and crop improvement.

Countryside Council for Wales: Countryside Council for Wales noun a statutory advisory body of the UK government responsible for sustaining natural beauty, wildlife, and outdoor leisure opportunities in Wales and its coastal areas. Abbr CCW. Engaging with the Countryside Council for Wales supports rural conservation and sustainable land use practices.

Cider: A fermented drink made from apple juice. Producing cider provides a value-added product for farms, enhancing product diversity and income.

Chickpea: A legume crop grown for its large round pale-yellow seeds, important in India and Pakistan as a source of protein. Growing chickpeas provides valuable protein-rich food for local and global markets, enhancing farm productivity.

Canadian Holstein: A breed of dairy cattle known for high milk production. Raising Canadian Holsteins can enhance dairy farm productivity, providing abundant milk supply.

companion planting: The practice of growing different plants together for mutual benefit. Companion planting can improve pest control, pollination, and crop yield.

Certification: The process of obtaining or giving approval for something, such as carrying out a particular type of test. Achieving certification demonstrates compliance with industry standards and enhances farm credibility.

Crude Protein: Crude protein noun an approximate measure of the protein content of foods. Understanding crude protein content aids in managing livestock nutrition and health.

Commodity Mountain: Commodity mountain noun a surplus of a certain agricultural product produced in the EU, e.g. the ‘butter mountain.’ Understanding commodity mountains helps manage supply and demand in agricultural markets.

Clostridial: Referring to Clostridium, a type of bacterium. Managing clostridial diseases involves using appropriate vaccines and biosecurity measures to protect livestock health.

Cashmere: A very fine down undercoat on a goat, less than 18 microns thick. Raising cashmere goats provides high-value wool for the textile industry, enhancing farm income.

Commercial Grain Farming: Commercial grain farming noun a highly mechanized agricultural system in which large areas of mid-latitude grasslands are given over to cereal cultivation. Implementing commercial grain farming techniques increases crop yields and efficiency.

Coulter: Coulter /k??lt?/ noun the part of the plough which goes into the soil and makes the vertical cut COMMENT: There are several types of coulter: the disc coulter cuts the side of the furrow about to be turned; the knife coulter serves the same purpose, but is now little used; the skim coulter turns a small slice off the corner of the furrow about to be turned and throws it into the bottom of the one before; it is attached to the beam behind the disc coulters. Understanding coulter functions aids in effective ploughing and soil management.

Crested Dogstail: Crested dogstail /krestid d?gzte?l/ noun a perennial grass (Cynosurus cristatus) which is not very palatable because of its wiry inflorescences, and is used in seed mixtures for lawns. Utilizing crested dogstail enhances lawn management and soil health.

Chlorination: Sterilization by adding chlorine. Implementing chlorination practices helps farmers manage water quality and ensure food safety in processing operations.

Chickweed: A widespread choking weed (Stellaria media) found in cereals and grass. Managing chickweed involves using appropriate weed control measures to protect crops and maintain healthy fields.

Charolais: A breed of beef cattle originating in central France, valued for fast growth and lean meat, or a breed of sheep with a characteristic ‘red’ face. Raising Charolais cattle and sheep provides high-quality meat and wool, enhancing farm productivity and income.

Commodity Exchange: Commodity exchange noun a place where commodities are bought and sold. Engaging in commodity exchanges provides opportunities for price discovery and risk management.

Circulation of the Blood: The movement of blood around the body from the heart through the arteries to the capillaries and back to the heart through the veins. Understanding livestock physiology, including blood circulation, helps farmers manage animal health and diagnose conditions.

Cinnamon: The aromatic inner bark of the tropical tree (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) used as a spice. Growing cinnamon provides a specialty crop for culinary use, enhancing farm product diversity and income.

Compact: Compact verb to compress the ground and make it hard, e.g. by driving over it with heavy machinery or as the result of a lot of people walking on it. Managing soil compaction involves using proper tillage and traffic management practices to maintain soil health.

Classical Swine Fever: Same as swine fever. Managing swine fever involves implementing biosecurity measures and vaccination programs to protect pig health and ensure farm productivity.

Cauliflower: A plant of the cabbage family with a large white head made up of a mass of curds. Growing cauliflowers provides nutritious food and valuable produce for fresh markets and processing, contributing to farm income.

Chlorinated: Treated with chlorine. Using chlorinated treatments helps farmers manage water quality and protect crops from pathogens.

Contract Work: Contract work noun work carried out by specialist firms on a contract, which involves payment for work carried out, e.g. the provision of a drainage system or combining a crop. Engaging in contract work ensures access to specialized services and expertise for farm operations.

Creep: Creep noun 1. a slow movement of soil down a slope 2. a small entrance through which young animals can pass. Understanding soil creep aids in managing land stability and preventing erosion.

Consumption: Consumption noun 1. the fact or process of using something a car with low petrol consumption The country’s consumption of wood has fallen by a quarter. 2. The taking of food or liquid into the body Nearly 3% of all food samples were found to be unfit for human consumption through contamination by lead. Understanding consumption patterns helps manage resource use and optimize production.

Copper Deficiency: Copper deficiency noun a lack of copper in an animal’s diet, sometimes caused by poisoning with molybdenum COMMENT: Symptoms of copper deficiency vary, but can include lack of growth and change of colour, where black animals turn red or grey. In severe cases, bones can fracture, particularly the shoulder blade. Diarrhoea can also occur, as well as anaemia. Copper deficiency in ewes can cause swayback in lambs. The condition is treated with injections of copper sulphate. Managing copper deficiency involves providing proper nutrition and healthcare for livestock.

Contour: Contour /k?nt??/ noun same as contour line. Understanding contour lines aids in land management and planning.