Category: C

Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO): The managing head of a state veterinary service. Engaging with the CVO helps farmers stay informed about and comply with livestock health regulations and best practices.

Cyanocobalamin: Cyanocobalamin /sa??n??k??bæl? m?n/ noun vitamin B12. Understanding cyanocobalamin aids in managing livestock nutrition and health.

Cold Treatment: Cold treatment noun the use of freezing to disinfest storage containers. Applying cold treatment protects stored produce from pests and diseases.

Culvert: Culvert /k?lv?t/ noun a covered drain for water. Managing culverts supports proper drainage and land management.

C4: A metabolic pathway for CO2 fixation, which uses four-carbon compounds. Plants with this mechanism, such as maize, are adapted to high sunlight and arid conditions. They have low photorespiration. Understanding C4 plants helps farmers in dry regions choose crops that maximize water use efficiency and yield.

Curds: Curds plural noun tight flower heads formed on brassicas such as cauliflowers and broccoli. Understanding curds aids in managing crop growth and productivity.

Crush Margin: Crush margin noun the difference in price between the unprocessed seed and the product extracted after crushing. Understanding crush margins aids in managing agricultural markets and production costs.

Calcicole: A plant that grows well on chalky or alkaline soils. Identifying and cultivating calcicoles helps farmers manage soil health and select appropriate crops for their land.

cattle: Domesticated bovine animals raised for milk, meat, or draft purposes. Effective cattle management is essential for optimizing production and maintaining animal health.

Chisel Plough: A plough with a heavy-duty frame and tines bolted to it, used for deep soil cultivation. Using chisel ploughs helps farmers improve soil structure, manage weeds, and enhance crop growth.

Calcified: Made hard by the deposition of calcium salts. Understanding calcification processes aids in managing livestock health, particularly bone development and strength.

Crushing Subsidy: Crushing subsidy noun payment made in the EU to oil producers to compensate for the difference between vegetable oil prices in the EU and those outside. Understanding crushing subsidies aids in managing agricultural markets and support policies.

Crop Breeding: Crop breeding noun the development of new varieties of crops. Engaging in crop breeding supports agricultural innovation and crop improvement.

Counter Fraud and Compliance Unit: Counter Fraud and Compliance Unit noun an organization which detects irregularities with CAP claims. Abbr CFCU. Engaging with the Counter Fraud and Compliance Unit ensures compliance with agricultural policies and regulations.

Chitterlings: The small intestines of pigs used for food. Utilizing chitterlings as a food product helps farmers reduce waste and maximize the value of livestock.

Crofter: Crofter /kr?ft?/ noun a joint tenant of a divided farm in Scotland. Engaging with crofters supports rural development and sustainable farming practices.

Candling: A checking process in which eggs are passed over a source of light to detect blood spots or cracks. Using candling ensures egg quality and safety for consumption and sale.

colostrum: The first milk produced by a mammal after giving birth, rich in antibodies. Feeding colostrum to newborns is vital for their immune system development and overall health.

Chill: To preserve by cooling to a temperature just above freezing. Using chilling techniques helps farmers and processors extend the shelf life of perishable products, reducing waste and ensuring food safety.

cash crop: A crop produced primarily for sale rather than for personal consumption. Growing cash crops can provide farmers with essential income and economic stability.

Conservancy: Conservancy /k?n s?:v(?)nsi/ noun an official body which protects a part of the environment. Engaging with conservancies supports environmental protection and sustainable land use practices.

Chorleywood Bread Process: A method of making bread developed by the British Baking Industries Research Association, eliminating the long fermentation period by vigorous mechanical mixing of dough. Using the Chorleywood bread process helps farmers and bakers produce high-quality bread efficiently.

Commensalism: Commensalism /k?mens?liz(?)m/ noun the state of organisms existing together as commensals. Managing commensalism involves understanding ecological interactions and maintaining ecosystem health.

Contact Herbicide: Contact herbicide noun a substance which kills a plant whose leaves it touches, e.g. paraquat. Using contact herbicides effectively controls weeds and protects crops.

Centre for Environmental, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS): A research and advisory agency investigating aquatic science and contamination, run by Defra. Engaging with CEFAS helps farmers adopt sustainable practices and protect aquatic environments.

Cork: Cork noun a protective outer layer that forms part of the bark in woody plants, taking many years to regrow once stripped (NOTE: It is used, among other things, for bottle corks, fishing net floats, and flooring, but cork oaks are now attracting conservation interest). COMMENT: Cork is harvested by cutting large sections of bark off a cork oak tree, while still leaving enough bark on the tree to ensure that it will continue to grow. Managing cork production provides sustainable material and supports conservation efforts.

Curd: Curd noun a coagulated substance formed by action of acid on milk, used to make into cheese. Utilizing curds provides valuable dairy products for markets.

Contour Strip Cropping: Contour strip cropping noun the planting of different crops in bands along the contours of sloping land so as to prevent soil erosion. Utilizing contour strip cropping practices helps prevent soil erosion and promote sustainable agriculture.

Commission of the European Union: Commission of the European Union noun the executive body of the European Union. Engaging with the Commission of the European Union ensures compliance with agricultural policies and regulations.

Concentration: Concentration noun the amount of a substance in a given volume or mass of a solution. Understanding concentration aids in formulating effective agrochemicals and fertilizers.

CSFT: CSFT abbreviation Central Scotland Forest Trust. Engaging with the Central Scotland Forest Trust supports forest conservation and sustainable land use practices.

Cultivator: Cultivator /k?lt?ve?t?/ noun 1. a person who cultivates land 2. an instrument or small machine for cultivating small areas of land COMMENT: A cultivator has a frame with a number of tines which break up and stir the soil as the implement is pulled across the surface. There are several types of tine, both rigid and spring-loaded. Cultivators can also be used for cleaning stubble and general weed control; the tines can be grouped together so that they pass easily between the rows of growing plants. Utilizing cultivators enhances soil management and crop production.

CSF: CSF abbreviation 1. Catchment Sensitive Farming 2. classical swine fever. Engaging with Catchment Sensitive Farming supports sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. Managing classical swine fever involves implementing biosecurity measures to protect livestock health.

Complementarity: Complementarity /k?mplimen triti/ noun nature conservation based on a balance between wild and domesticated species in an area. Managing complementarity involves promoting biodiversity and sustainable land use practices.

Coccidioidomycosis: Coccidioidomycosis /k?ksidi?i d??mai”k??sis/ noun a lung disease caused by inhaling spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis. Managing health risks involves using protective measures to ensure the safety of farm workers.

Cheddar: A hard yellow cheese originally made in the West Country. Producing Cheddar cheese adds value to dairy operations and offers unique products for niche markets.

Controlled Grazing: Controlled grazing noun a system of grazing in which the number of livestock is linked to the pasture available, with moveable fences being erected to restrict the area being grazed. Implementing controlled grazing practices ensures sustainable pasture management and livestock health.

Cannula: A tube used to puncture an animal’s rumen to allow an escape of gas. Using a cannula in veterinary care helps manage digestive issues in livestock, improving animal health and productivity.

Cane Sugar: Sugar processed from the juice extracted from the stems of sugar cane. Producing cane sugar supports the sweetener industry and provides a stable income for farmers in suitable climates.

Cheshire: A crumbly hard white British cheese. Producing Cheshire cheese adds value to dairy operations and offers unique products for niche markets.

Code of Good Agricultural Practice: Code of Good Agricultural Practice noun a set of standards and guidelines for agricultural practices, which must be set up by law in each country in the EU. Abbr COGAP. Adhering to COGAP helps farmers maintain sustainable and ethical farming practices.

Cultural: Cultural adjective referring to agricultural techniques. Engaging in cultural practices supports sustainable agriculture and crop production.

Clay: A type of heavy non-porous soil made of fine silicate particles. Managing clay soils involves using appropriate amendments to improve fertility and support healthy crop growth.

Cyanocobalamin: Cyanocobalamin /sa??n??k??bæl? m?n/ noun vitamin B12. Understanding cyanocobalamin aids in managing livestock nutrition and health.

Copse: Copse /k?ps/ noun an area of small trees. Managing copses provides sustainable wood production and enhances forest management.

Cow Bell: Cow bell noun a bell worn round neck of a cow to make it easier for the farmer to locate the animal. Utilizing cow bells aids in livestock management and tracking.

Cross-Pollination: Cross-pollination noun the pollination of a flower with pollen from another plant of the same species. Compare self-pollination (NOTE: The pollen goes from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another.) COMMENT: Cross-pollination, like cross-fertilization and cross-breeding, avoids inbreeding, which may weaken the species. Some plants are self-fertile (i.e. they are able to fertilize themselves) and do not need pollinators, but most benefit from cross-fertilization and cross-pollination. Engaging in cross-pollination practices supports genetic diversity and crop improvement.

Capacity: The amount a container can hold. Knowing the capacity of storage and transport containers helps farmers manage inventory and logistics efficiently.

Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE): An organization that advocates for rural preservation and sustainable development. Engaging with organizations like CPRE helps farmers stay informed about and involved in rural conservation efforts.

Corolla: Corolla /k? r??l?/ noun a set of petals in a flower. Understanding corolla structures aids in managing crop pollination and breeding.