Category: D

disinfection: The removal of harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi from a place or an object by cleaning it with a disinfectant. Proper disinfection practices are essential for maintaining farm hygiene and preventing disease outbreaks. Farmers should implement regular disinfection routines and use appropriate techniques for effective disinfection. Understanding the benefits and applications of disinfection will aid in maintaining a healthy and productive farm environment.

discus: The method used to identify the structure of a species. Understanding discus methods is important for identifying species and managing soil health. Farmers should work with soil scientists and agronomists to perform accurate soil analysis and make informed decisions about soil management. Understanding the benefits and applications of discus methods will aid in effective soil management and crop production.

drone: A male bee. Drones do not gather nectar or pollen but are essential for mating with the queen. Beekeepers should manage drone populations to maintain a healthy hive.

diversion: The practice of changing the direction of water flow for irrigation or drainage. Managing water diversion is important for optimizing water use and preventing soil erosion. Farmers should use appropriate techniques and equipment for effective diversion. Understanding the benefits and applications of diversion will aid in effective water management and crop production.

drought: A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall. Farmers need to manage water resources effectively to mitigate the impacts of drought.

dicotyledon: A plant with seeds that have a cotyledon with two parts. Dicotyledons form the largest group of plants. Compare monocotyledon. Farmers should understand the characteristics and growth requirements of dicotyledons to manage crops effectively. Proper soil preparation, irrigation, and pest management are essential for successful cultivation of dicotyledons. Knowledge of plant types can aid in crop rotation and disease prevention.

dystrophic: Referring to a pond or lake that contains very acidic brown water, lacks oxygen, and is unable to support much plant or animal life because of excessive humus content. Managing dystrophic conditions involves monitoring water quality and implementing measures to improve oxygen levels and reduce acidity.

digger: A type of plough body with a short, sharply curved moldboard. Diggers are used for deep ploughing, especially to prepare for root crops or for land reclamation. Using diggers can improve soil preparation and root penetration for crops. Farmers should select the appropriate type of digger for their needs and use it properly to achieve optimal soil conditions. Understanding the benefits and applications of diggers will aid in effective soil management and crop establishment.

denaturing: The process of staining wheat grain with a dye to make it unusable for human consumption. Denatured grain may be used as animal feed. Farmers should implement proper techniques for denaturing grain to ensure it is not used for human consumption. Understanding the benefits and applications of denatured grain can help farmers manage surplus or low-quality produce effectively.

drainage: The removal of water by laying drains in or under fields. Effective drainage improves soil structure, prevents erosion, and supports healthy plant growth.

dominance: A state where one species in a community is more abundant than others or the priority for food and reproductive mates that one animal has over another in a group. In genetics, dominance refers to the characteristic of a gene form (allele) that leads to the trait it controls being shown in any individual carrying it. Understanding dominance helps farmers manage breeding programs and animal behavior.

Devon: A breed of fine-boned dual-purpose cattle. North and South Devons are dark red, and belong to a type of red cattle bred for centuries in England. They thrive on pasture which would not be sufficient for larger breeds, and provide both meat and milk. (NOTE: They are commonly known as Red Rubies.) Farmers raising Devon cattle should focus on proper grazing management, health monitoring, and breeding practices to maintain herd productivity. Marketing the unique characteristics of Devon cattle, such as their hardiness and dual-purpose nature, can attract buyers and enhance farm profitability.

dry matter intake: The amount of feed that an animal consumes or requires, discounting its water content. Abbr DMI. Understanding dry matter intake helps farmers ensure their animals receive the necessary nutrients for growth and production.

drift: To float in the air onto areas that are not to be sprayed. Drift can lead to unintended exposure of crops or areas to pesticides or fertilizers, which can be harmful. Farmers should use techniques to minimize drift, such as proper nozzle selection and application methods.

derris: A powdered insecticide extracted from the root of a tropical plant, used against fleas, lice, and aphids. Rotenone. Farmers should use derris carefully, following label instructions and safety guidelines, to manage pests effectively. Understanding the impact of derris on crops, livestock, and the environment will help in selecting the right product and application method. Monitoring pest populations and integrating other control methods can enhance pest management.

disinfectant footbath: A disinfectant solution through which animals, e.g., cattle, have to walk to clean their feet and to remove diseases such as foot rot. Using disinfectant footbaths is important for maintaining hoof health and preventing disease in livestock. Farmers should ensure proper construction, maintenance, and use of footbaths for effective disinfection. Understanding the benefits and applications of disinfectant footbaths will aid in maintaining a healthy and productive herd.

dissolution: The process of dissolving or breaking down. Proper management of dissolution processes is important for maintaining soil health and preventing pollution. Farmers should implement practices like crop rotation, organic amendments, and proper waste management to enhance dissolution and nutrient cycling. Understanding the factors contributing to dissolution will aid in developing effective management strategies.

dandelion: A yellow weed (Taraxacum officinale) found in grassland and also sometimes eaten as salad. While often considered a weed, dandelions have culinary and medicinal uses. Farmers can harvest dandelions for sale in niche markets or for personal use. Additionally, understanding weed management practices can help maintain pasture and crop health, ensuring optimal growth conditions for desired plants.

distribution: The spreading of something over an area. Proper distribution of seeds, fertilizer, or pesticides is important for achieving uniform application and optimal results. Farmers should use appropriate equipment and techniques for effective distribution. Understanding the benefits and applications of distribution will aid in effective crop and soil management.

downy mildew: A disease (Peronospora brassica) that causes white bloom on the undersurface of leaves, most damaging to Brassica seedlings. Managing downy mildew involves using resistant plant varieties, practicing crop rotation, and applying appropriate fungicides.

Down breeds: Breeds of short-wooled sheep, giving wool of a creamy colour; the sheep have dark faces and legs and are hornless. They are found in hilly areas and include the Southdown, Hampshire Down, Dorset Down, and Suffolk. Down breeds are prized for their meat and wool production.

denude: To make land or rock bare by cutting down trees and other plants or by erosion. The timber companies have denuded the mountains. Farmers should implement sustainable land management practices to prevent denudation and maintain soil health. Practices like reforestation, agroforestry, and erosion control can help mitigate the effects of denudation. Understanding the environmental and economic impacts of denudation will aid in developing sustainable farming systems.

dump: A place where waste, especially solid waste, is thrown away. Proper waste management practices are essential on farms to prevent environmental contamination and promote sustainability.

deficient: Lacking something essential. For example, the soil is deficient in important nutrients. Scrub plants are well adapted to this moisture-deficient habitat. She has a calcium-deficient diet. Farmers should regularly test soil and animal diets to identify and address deficiencies. Implementing soil amendments, balanced fertilization, and proper nutrition practices can improve crop and livestock health. Working with agricultural extension services can provide guidance on managing deficiencies effectively.

darnel: A common weed (Lolium temulentum) which affects cereals and is poisonous to animals. Effective weed management is crucial for farmers to prevent darnel from infesting cereal crops. Regular monitoring, crop rotation, and the use of herbicides can help control darnel and protect crop yields. Understanding the risks and implementing preventive measures will ensure healthier and more productive fields.

draining pen: A pen for sheep to go in after dipping, where surplus liquid can drain off the wet fleece and go back into the sheep dip. Draining pens help manage the health and hygiene of sheep.

decomposition: The process of breaking down into simple chemical compounds. Decomposition is essential for nutrient cycling and soil health. Farmers should manage decomposition processes through composting and mulching to enhance soil fertility. Understanding the factors that influence decomposition, such as temperature, moisture, and organic matter quality, can help optimize these processes for better crop productivity.

digestive: Referring to digestion. Digestive health is crucial for maintaining the productivity and welfare of livestock. Farmers should work with veterinarians and nutritionists to develop diets that promote optimal digestive health. Implementing proper dietary practices and monitoring digestive health will enhance the well-being and performance of livestock.

durum: A type of wheat grown in southern Europe and the USA and used in making semolina for processing into pasta. Latin name: Triticum durum. Durum wheat is prized for its high protein content and strong gluten, essential for pasta production.

Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland: The department of regional government which deals with farming, the environment, animal welfare, and rural development in Northern Ireland. Abbr DARDNI. Farmers in Northern Ireland should engage with DARDNI to access resources and support for sustainable farming practices. Utilizing DARDNI’s programs can enhance farm productivity, environmental stewardship, and compliance with regulations. Staying informed about DARDNI initiatives will help farmers adopt best practices and benefit from available opportunities.

damson: A small dark purple plum (Prunus damascena). Damsons are hardy and can be used for making preserves, jams, and desserts. For farmers, growing damson trees can provide a diversified income stream. They require well-drained soil and minimal pruning, making them relatively easy to manage. Farmers should monitor for pests and diseases and ensure proper fertilization to maximize fruit yield.

DDT: An insecticide that was formerly used especially against malaria-carrying mosquitoes. It is now banned in many countries because of its toxicity and ability to accumulate in the environment. Formula: C14H9Cl5. Full form dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Farmers should be aware of the historical use and current ban on DDT to avoid environmental contamination and legal issues. Understanding alternative pest control methods will help manage pests effectively while complying with regulations and protecting the environment.

defoliate: To make the leaves fall off a plant, especially by using a herbicide or as the result of disease or other stress. Defoliation can be a management tool or a sign of plant stress. Farmers should monitor crops for signs of disease or environmental stress and take appropriate actions to mitigate defoliation. Using defoliants judiciously can help manage crop canopies and improve harvest efficiency. Regular scouting and timely interventions will ensure healthy crop growth and productivity.

dipper: A deep trench into which sheep are guided to be dipped. Using a dipper is an effective method for managing external parasites in sheep. Farmers should ensure proper construction and maintenance of dippers for safe and effective dipping. Understanding the benefits and applications of dippers will aid in effective parasite management and improved livestock welfare.

disbud: To remove buds from a plant to prevent growth, or to remove horn buds from a young animal. Proper disbudding techniques are important for managing plant growth and livestock health. Farmers should use appropriate methods and tools for effective disbudding. Understanding the benefits and applications of disbudding will aid in effective crop and livestock management.

Dutch hoe: An implement with a long handle and a more or less straight D-shaped blade, used with a push-pull action. Dutch hoes are effective for weeding and soil cultivation, helping to manage weeds and improve soil structure.

determination: The process of finding something out by calculation or experiment. Determination of the maximum safe dose. Accurate determination of various factors, such as nutrient levels, soil health, and pest populations, is crucial for effective farm management. Farmers should use reliable methods and tools for accurate determination and decision-making. Understanding the importance of accurate data can help optimize farm operations and improve productivity.

distribution: The spreading of something over an area. Proper distribution of seeds, fertilizer, or pesticides is important for achieving uniform application and optimal results. Farmers should use appropriate equipment and techniques for effective distribution. Understanding the benefits and applications of distribution will aid in effective crop and soil management.

double chop harvester: A type of forage harvester that chops the crop into short lengths rather than just lacerating it. The chopping unit is a vertical rotating disc, usually with three knives and three fan blades. Precision chop forage harvesters improve the efficiency of forage processing.

dehydrate: To remove water from something in order to preserve it. COMMENT: Food can be dehydrated by drying in the sun (as in the case of dried fruit), or by passing through various industrial processes, such as freeze-drying. Dehydration is an effective method for preserving food and reducing waste. Farmers should ensure proper techniques and equipment for dehydrating crops to maintain their quality and nutritional value. Understanding market demands for dehydrated products can help farmers plan their production and marketing strategies.

discontiguous: Referring to an area of land which is not joined together. Managing discontiguous land involves implementing proper land use planning and management practices. Farmers should consider the unique challenges and opportunities of discontiguous land and develop strategies to optimize its use. Understanding the factors contributing to discontiguity will aid in effective land management and farm productivity.

deadnettle: Referring to red deadnettle. Red deadnettle can be a weed in gardens and fields. Farmers and gardeners should manage this plant through regular weeding and the use of herbicides. Understanding its growth patterns and implementing appropriate control methods will help maintain healthy crops and reduce competition for resources.

dewatering: The extraction of water from a crop by pressing, reducing the cost of artificial drying. Dewatering can be an efficient method for reducing moisture content in crops and preparing them for storage or processing. Farmers should use appropriate equipment and techniques to dewater crops effectively. Understanding the benefits and applications of dewatering can help improve post-harvest handling and reduce costs.

DOM: An abbreviation that can refer to digestible organic matter or dry organic matter. Understanding these terms is crucial for farmers managing soil health and composting processes, ensuring that organic matter is effectively used to improve soil fertility.

degradation: The decomposition of a chemical compound into its elements. Managing degradation processes is important for maintaining soil health and preventing pollution. Farmers should implement practices like crop rotation, organic amendments, and proper waste management to enhance degradation and nutrient cycling. Monitoring soil health and adjusting management practices will ensure sustainable and productive farming systems.

Deer Commission for Scotland: An association in Scotland which advises on best practices in wild deer management. Abbr DCS. Farmers involved in deer farming or managing land with wild deer populations should follow the guidelines and recommendations provided by the DCS. Implementing best practices in deer management can improve herd health, reduce disease risk, and enhance the sustainability of deer populations.

domesticate: To breed wild animals so that they become tame and can fill human needs or to breed wild plants, selecting the best strains so that they become useful for food or decoration. Domestication has led to the development of many farm animals and crops that are essential for modern agriculture.

dog: A domesticated carnivorous mammal (Canis lupus familiaris) that typically has a long snout, an acute sense of smell, non-retractable claws, and a barking, howling, or whining voice. Dogs can serve various roles on a farm, including herding livestock, guarding property, and providing companionship. Proper training and care are essential for farm dogs to ensure they are healthy and effective in their roles.

deintensified farming: Farming which was formerly intensive, using chemical fertilizers to increase production, but has now become extensive. Extensification. Deintensified farming focuses on sustainable practices and reduced chemical inputs. Farmers should adopt practices like crop rotation, organic amendments, and integrated pest management to enhance soil health and productivity. Understanding the principles of deintensified farming can help farmers transition to more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.

dipterous: Referring to an insect such as a fly with two wings. Managing dipterous insects involves implementing proper pest control measures and monitoring techniques. Farmers should use integrated pest management practices to reduce the impact of dipterous insects on crops and livestock. Understanding the characteristics and behavior of dipterous insects will aid in developing effective pest management strategies.