March 8, 2025

Soil Surface Sealing

The process by which the soil surface becomes hard and compacted, reducing water infiltration and seedling emergence. Soil surface sealing can be caused by heavy rainfall, irrigation, and soil management practices. For example, using cover crops and organic matter to reduce soil surface sealing and improve soil health for crop production.

Bee Venom

The toxic substance produced by bees, used in defense and sometimes harvested for medicinal purposes. Bee venom contains various compounds that can cause pain and inflammation. For instance, bee venom therapy is used in some alternative medicine practices.

Vaccination Programs

Programs designed to immunize livestock against diseases to protect animal health and improve productivity. Vaccination programs include scheduling, administration, and record-keeping. For example, implementing a vaccination program for cattle to prevent diseases such as bovine respiratory disease and ensure herd health.

Plant Nutrition

The study of how plants obtain and use nutrients for growth and development. Plant nutrition includes understanding nutrient uptake, transport, and metabolism. For example, analyzing soil nutrient levels to determine the appropriate fertilizer application for optimal crop growth.