Category: N

near infrared spectrophotometry: a method of establishing tissue composition, used in agriculture to assess the quality of meat and of grain crops. Near infrared spectrophotometry allows farmers to quickly and accurately analyze the composition of agricultural products, ensuring quality control and meeting market standards. By using this technology, farmers can optimize feeding strategies, improve product consistency, and enhance marketability. This leads to higher product value, better customer satisfaction, and increased profitability. Adopting advanced analytical tools like near infrared spectrophotometry supports precision agriculture and sustainable farming practices.

non-selective herbicide: a chemical herbicide which kills all vegetation. Non-selective herbicides are useful for clearing land, controlling invasive species, and managing weeds in non-crop areas. Farmers can benefit from using non-selective herbicides for tasks like field preparation and maintenance of fence lines. Understanding the appropriate use and timing of these herbicides helps ensure effective vegetation control while minimizing unintended damage to crops. Integrating non-selective herbicides into a comprehensive weed management plan supports efficient and sustainable farming operations.

NCDL: abbreviation for National Canine Defence League (now called Dogs Trust). Dogs Trust focuses on the welfare of dogs, including those on farms. Farmers can benefit from the organization’s expertise in dog training, behavior, and health care. Ensuring the well-being of farm dogs can improve their effectiveness in managing livestock and providing security. Collaboration with Dogs Trust can also help farmers address issues such as stray dog control and promote responsible dog ownership, contributing to a safer and more productive farming environment.

National Milk Records: NMR is a company that keeps central records for dairy farmers. Abbr NMR. National Milk Records provides dairy farmers with valuable data on milk production, quality, and herd health. By utilizing NMR’s services, farmers can track their dairy operations’ performance, identify areas for improvement, and make informed management decisions. Accurate milk records help optimize feeding strategies, breeding programs, and overall herd management, leading to increased milk yields, better milk quality, and higher farm income.

National Soil Resources Institute: NSRI is an association formed in 2001 which provides education and training in the fields of soil and land management practice. Abbr NSRI. The National Soil Resources Institute offers farmers access to research, education, and training on soil health and land management. By utilizing NSRI’s resources, farmers can adopt practices that improve soil fertility, structure, and water retention, leading to better crop yields and sustainable land use. Knowledge gained from NSRI can also help farmers reduce soil erosion, enhance nutrient management, and promote environmentally friendly farming methods.

natural habitat: the usual surroundings in which an organism lives in the wild. Also called natural environment. Maintaining natural habitats within and around farms supports biodiversity, which can enhance ecosystem services critical for agriculture, such as pollination and pest control. Farmers can benefit from preserving natural habitats by promoting a balanced ecosystem that supports healthy crop growth and reduces the need for chemical inputs. This approach can lead to more sustainable farming practices, improved crop yields, and a healthier environment.

National Animal Welfare Trust: NAWT is a rescue center with branches across the UK, providing short-term care and rehabilitation for unwanted and abused animals. Farmers can collaborate with NAWT to ensure the welfare of farm animals and promote humane treatment practices. By adhering to high animal welfare standards, farmers can enhance the health and productivity of their livestock, improve product quality, and build a positive reputation among consumers. Partnering with organizations like NAWT can also provide farmers with access to resources and support for animal care and management.

North Devon: Devon. The North Devon breed of cattle, also known as Devon, is prized for its high-quality meat and adaptability to various farming conditions. Farmers can benefit from raising North Devon cattle to produce premium beef and improve farm resilience. Understanding the breed’s characteristics and management practices supports successful breeding, efficient feed utilization, and enhanced farm profitability. By promoting the North Devon breed, farmers can tap into niche markets and attract consumers seeking heritage and high-quality meat products.

NERC: abbreviation for Natural Environment Research Council. The Natural Environment Research Council provides farmers with access to cutting-edge research and training in environmental science and sustainable agriculture. By leveraging NERC’s resources, farmers can adopt innovative practices that improve resource use efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and enhance farm productivity. Staying informed about the latest scientific advancements helps farmers address climate change challenges, protect natural resources, and maintain a competitive edge in the agricultural sector.

new blood: genetic variation brought into a breed by, e.g., introducing a new male to a flock or herd. Introducing new blood into livestock breeding programs helps maintain genetic diversity, improve herd or flock health, and enhance productivity. Farmers can benefit from strategic breeding practices that incorporate new genetic material, reducing the risk of inbreeding and its associated health issues. This approach leads to stronger, more resilient livestock populations, better adaptation to environmental conditions, and higher overall farm profitability.

no-till farming: A farming practice where crops are grown without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till farming helps prevent soil erosion and improve soil health.

naturalise: naturalise, verb to introduce a species into an area where it has not lived or grown before so that it becomes established as part of the ecosystem. Naturalizing beneficial plant species can help improve soil health, support pollinators, and enhance biodiversity on farms. Farmers can benefit from introducing cover crops, forage plants, and other species that contribute to sustainable land management. This practice can lead to improved soil structure, reduced erosion, and increased resilience to environmental stressors, promoting long-term agricultural productivity.

nitrogen deficiency: a lack of nitrogen in the soil, found where organic matter is low and resulting in thin, weak growth of plants. Addressing nitrogen deficiency is crucial for maintaining healthy and productive crops. Farmers can benefit from regular soil testing to identify nitrogen deficiencies and implementing appropriate fertilization strategies. Using organic amendments like compost and manure, along with nitrogen fertilizers, can help restore soil nitrogen levels. Ensuring adequate nitrogen supply promotes vigorous plant growth, higher yields, and improved crop quality.

Na: symbol for sodium. Sodium, though not a primary nutrient, can influence soil structure and water infiltration. High sodium levels can lead to soil compaction and reduced water permeability, negatively affecting plant growth. Farmers can benefit from monitoring and managing soil sodium levels through soil testing and adopting practices like gypsum application or crop rotation with salt-tolerant species. This helps maintain soil health, improves crop performance, and ensures sustainable land use.

nursery bed: a bed in which seedlings are planted out from the seedbed until they are large enough to be put in permanent positions. Nursery beds provide a controlled environment for young plants to grow and develop before being transplanted to their final locations. Farmers can benefit from using nursery beds to ensure healthy and vigorous seedlings, improve transplant success rates, and optimize crop production. Proper management of nursery beds, including soil preparation, irrigation, and pest control, supports effective plant propagation and enhances overall farm productivity.

National Agricultural Centre: NAC is the site of the annual Royal Show (at Stoneleigh, in Warwickshire), owned by the RASE. The National Agricultural Centre serves as a focal point for agricultural innovation, education, and networking. Farmers attending events at the NAC can gain insights into the latest research, technologies, and best practices. This exposure can help them adopt new methods to improve crop yields, livestock health, and overall farm efficiency. The NAC also offers opportunities for farmers to showcase their products, learn from industry leaders, and connect with potential buyers and collaborators.

new variant CJD: variant CJD. Understanding the risks and transmission pathways of new variant CJD is essential for maintaining livestock health and food safety. Farmers can benefit from implementing biosecurity measures, regular health monitoring, and proper handling practices to prevent the spread of prion diseases. Staying informed about emerging diseases and following guidelines from health authorities ensures the safety of livestock products and protects farm profitability.

N: symbol for nitrogen. Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for plants, essential for the formation of amino acids, proteins, and chlorophyll. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and overall plant health. Proper nitrogen management can lead to increased crop yields, improved plant vigor, and better quality produce. By understanding nitrogen’s role and applying appropriate fertilization techniques, farmers can enhance soil fertility, reduce input costs, and increase profitability. Regular soil testing and the use of nitrogen-efficient crops can also help minimize environmental impact and promote sustainable farming practices.

National Envelope: a source of additional funds to help livestock producers, e.g., a beef national envelope and a sheep national envelope. The National Envelope provides financial support to livestock farmers, helping them manage production costs and invest in farm improvements. By accessing these funds, farmers can enhance their livestock operations, improve animal health and welfare, and adopt sustainable practices. This financial assistance can also help buffer against market fluctuations and other challenges, ensuring the long-term viability of livestock farming enterprises.

national park: a large area of land selected because of its scenic, recreational, scientific, or historical importance for special protection from development, and managed by a local government body for recreational use by the public and the benefit of the local community. National parks offer farmers opportunities to engage in sustainable tourism and conservation efforts. By participating in national park initiatives, farmers can diversify their income through eco-tourism, promote their products to visitors, and enhance the environmental stewardship of their land. This collaboration can lead to a stronger community and a healthier ecosystem.

NOAH: abbreviation for National Office of Animal Health. The National Office of Animal Health provides farmers with information on veterinary medicines and best practices for animal health management. By staying informed through NOAH, farmers can ensure their livestock receive effective treatments, prevent disease outbreaks, and maintain high animal welfare standards. Access to reliable veterinary products and guidance helps improve livestock productivity, health, and farm profitability.

NSA: abbreviation for nitrate-sensitive area. Managing nitrate use in nitrate-sensitive areas is crucial for protecting water quality and preventing pollution. Farmers can benefit from adhering to regulations and adopting best practices for nitrogen management, such as using precision farming techniques, cover crops, and buffer zones. Compliance with guidelines helps maintain soil fertility, protect water resources, and promote sustainable farming practices.

natural farming: A method of farming that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and relies on natural processes. Natural farming promotes sustainable agriculture and environmental health.

NFYFC: abbreviation for National Federation of Young Farmers’ Clubs. The National Federation of Young Farmers’ Clubs provides education, training, and social opportunities for young people involved in agriculture. Farmers can benefit from encouraging young family members and employees to join NFYFC, fostering the next generation of skilled and knowledgeable farmers. Participation in NFYFC helps develop leadership skills, agricultural expertise, and a strong sense of community, ensuring the future sustainability of farming operations.

nutraceutical: nutraceutical, noun same as functional food. Nutraceuticals are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often containing bioactive compounds that promote well-being. Farmers can benefit from growing crops with nutraceutical properties, tapping into the growing market for health-conscious consumers. By producing nutraceutical crops, farmers can diversify their product offerings, command premium prices, and contribute to public health. Understanding market trends and consumer preferences can help farmers successfully enter the nutraceutical market and enhance farm profitability.

natural immunity: immunity from disease inherited by newborn offspring from birth, acquired in the womb or from the mother’s milk. Natural immunity provides young animals with protection against common diseases, reducing the need for medical interventions and enhancing animal welfare. Farmers can benefit from understanding and promoting natural immunity through proper breeding practices, ensuring good maternal health, and providing optimal nutrition for pregnant and lactating animals. This can lead to healthier livestock, reduced veterinary costs, and improved productivity.

NAWT: abbreviation for National Animal Welfare Trust. NAWT provides short-term care and rehabilitation for unwanted and abused animals, promoting humane treatment and welfare standards. Farmers can collaborate with NAWT to ensure the well-being of their animals, enhance animal welfare practices, and access resources for animal care and management. High animal welfare standards lead to healthier livestock, better product quality, and a positive reputation among consumers. Partnering with organizations like NAWT can also provide support and guidance in managing farm animal welfare issues.

Nubian goat: a breed of goat of mixed Egyptian and Indian origin, now crossed with British goats to produce the Anglo-Nubian breed. Nubian goats are valued for their high milk production and adaptability to various climates. Farmers can benefit from raising Nubian goats to diversify their livestock operations and produce high-quality dairy products. Understanding the breed’s characteristics and management needs helps optimize production, improve animal welfare, and enhance farm profitability. By promoting Nubian goats, farmers can tap into niche markets and attract consumers seeking premium goat milk and products.

native: adjective always having lived, grown, or existed in a place. Tigers are native to Asia. Native plants and animals are adapted to the local environment, often requiring less maintenance and being more resilient to local pests and diseases. Farmers can benefit from incorporating native species into their farming systems, enhancing biodiversity, reducing input costs, and promoting sustainable agriculture. Native species can also support ecosystem services like pollination, pest control, and soil health, contributing to the overall productivity and resilience of the farm.

navel-ill: a disease of young livestock, especially newborn calves, kids, and lambs. It causes abscesses at the navel and swellings in some joints. Also known as joint-ill. Managing and preventing navel-ill is crucial for maintaining the health and productivity of young livestock. Farmers can benefit from implementing good hygiene practices, proper navel care, and timely medical interventions to reduce the incidence of navel-ill. Ensuring healthy livestock from birth leads to better growth rates, improved animal welfare, and higher overall farm profitability.

neck collar: a leather band put around the neck of a horse or cow, to hold the animal in a stall. Neck collars are used to restrain and manage livestock safely and humanely. Proper use of neck collars can help prevent injuries, ensure animal comfort, and facilitate routine tasks like feeding, milking, or veterinary care. Farmers can benefit from using well-designed neck collars that fit properly and are made from durable materials. This ensures effective livestock management, improves animal welfare, and enhances overall farm productivity.

nitrogen compound: a substance such as a fertilizer containing mostly nitrogen with other elements. Nitrogen compounds are essential for providing plants with the nitrogen they need for growth and development. Farmers can benefit from using nitrogen compounds in their fertilization programs to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. Understanding the different types of nitrogen compounds and their release patterns helps farmers make informed decisions about fertilizer application, ensuring optimal nutrient availability for crops and minimizing environmental impact.

neutral: adjective referring to the state of being neither acid nor alkali. pH 7 is neutral. Maintaining neutral soil pH is crucial for optimal crop growth and nutrient availability. Farmers can benefit from regularly testing soil pH and applying amendments like lime or sulfur to maintain neutral conditions. Proper soil pH management improves crop health, enhances nutrient uptake, and increases yields. Understanding soil chemistry helps farmers make informed decisions about fertilization and soil management, supporting sustainable and productive farming practices.

NAC: abbreviation for National Agricultural Centre. The NAC is a central hub for agricultural research, education, and events, including the annual Royal Show. Farmers can access the latest innovations, best practices, and emerging technologies through NAC’s programs and events. This knowledge can help them improve their farming techniques, increase efficiency, and adopt sustainable practices. Networking opportunities at the NAC can also connect farmers with industry experts, researchers, and fellow farmers, fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing that can drive farm success.

nip bar: a bar fitted to moving mechanisms to prevent parts of the body from being drawn into the machine. Safety devices like nip bars are essential for protecting farm workers from injuries while operating machinery. Farmers can benefit from installing and maintaining nip bars on equipment, ensuring a safer working environment. Understanding and following safety protocols reduce the risk of accidents, enhance worker well-being, and contribute to a more productive and efficient farming operation.

non-EU: adjective not in the EU. Understanding the regulatory and market differences between EU and non-EU countries helps farmers navigate international trade and export opportunities. Farmers can benefit from staying informed about trade agreements, tariffs, and import/export requirements to access new markets and expand their business. Knowledge of non-EU trade dynamics supports strategic decision-making and enhances farm profitability by leveraging global market opportunities.

Norfolk rotation: a system for farming, using arable farming for fodder crops, and involving the temporary sowing of grass and clover. The Norfolk rotation system, introduced in the early 18th century, provided a well-balanced method for building up and maintaining soil fertility, controlling weeds and pests, and providing continuous employment and profitability. Farmers can benefit from adopting the principles of the Norfolk rotation to enhance soil health, reduce dependency on chemical inputs, and promote sustainable farming practices. Implementing crop rotation systems supports long-term productivity and environmental stewardship.

nodule: a small lump found on the roots of leguminous plants such as peas which contains bacteria that can convert nitrogen from the air into nitrogen compounds. Nodules are essential for nitrogen fixation, enriching the soil with natural nitrogen and reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Farmers can benefit from understanding the role of nodules in leguminous plants and incorporating these plants into their crop rotations. This practice enhances soil fertility, supports sustainable farming, and reduces input costs. Promoting nitrogen fixation through nodules ensures long-term soil health and farm productivity.

nitrogen fertiliser: a fertilizer containing mainly nitrogen, e.g., ammonium nitrate. Nitrogen fertilizers are essential for providing crops with the nitrogen needed for growth and development. Farmers can benefit from understanding the different types of nitrogen fertilizers and their application methods to optimize nutrient availability. Proper use of nitrogen fertilizers enhances crop productivity, improves soil fertility, and supports sustainable farming practices. Balancing nitrogen application with crop needs and environmental considerations helps maximize yields and minimize environmental impact.

nutrient budget: a summary of the inputs and outputs of nutrients on a farm, e.g., the amount of nitrogen added to the soil from organic manure and from fertilizers, and the amount taken away in the crops harvested. A nutrient budget helps farmers manage soil fertility and optimize crop production by balancing nutrient inputs and outputs. By creating and monitoring a nutrient budget, farmers can ensure efficient nutrient use, reduce waste, and prevent environmental pollution. Understanding nutrient budgets supports informed decision-making in fertilization and soil management, leading to better yields and sustainable farming practices.

nest box: an open-fronted box in which a hen lays eggs. The box may be a single unit or part of a series of boxes. Providing nest boxes for laying hens can improve egg production and quality by offering a clean, safe, and comfortable environment for hens to lay their eggs. Farmers can benefit from well-designed nest boxes that reduce egg breakage and contamination, leading to higher yields and better marketability. Proper nest box management also enhances animal welfare and overall farm productivity.

NIAB: abbreviation for National Institute of Agricultural Botany. The National Institute of Agricultural Botany plays a critical role in ensuring the quality and performance of crop varieties. Farmers benefit from NIAB’s rigorous testing by gaining access to high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-adapted crop varieties. Utilizing NIAB-approved seeds can lead to improved crop performance, higher productivity, and greater resilience to environmental stresses, contributing to sustainable farming practices.

non-organic: adjective referring to crops that are not produced according to guidelines restricting the use of fertilizers and other practices. Understanding the differences between organic and non-organic farming helps farmers make informed decisions about their production methods. While non-organic farming allows the use of synthetic inputs, it can offer higher yields and more consistent quality. Farmers can benefit from choosing the approach that best suits their market demands, resource availability, and sustainability goals. Balancing non-organic and organic practices can optimize farm productivity and environmental impact.

neigh: a sound made by a horse. verb (of a horse) to make the characteristic sound of a horse. Compare bleat, grunt, low. Understanding the vocalizations of farm animals, such as a horse’s neigh, can help farmers monitor animal behavior and well-being. Recognizing these sounds aids in detecting signs of distress, illness, or changes in the environment that may require attention. Effective communication with and observation of animals can improve animal welfare, ensure timely interventions, and enhance overall farm management and productivity.

nature: 1. the characteristics that make someone or something what they are. 2. all living organisms and the environments in which they live. Living in harmony with nature means adopting practices that support ecological balance and sustainability. Farmers can benefit from understanding natural processes and working with them rather than against them. This can lead to healthier crops and livestock, reduced input costs, and a more resilient farming system. Embracing nature-based solutions can also enhance the farm’s environmental stewardship and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.

nitrogen oxide: an oxide formed when nitrogen is oxidized, e.g., nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide. Formula: NOx. Managing nitrogen oxide emissions is important for reducing air pollution and its associated health and environmental impacts. Farmers can benefit from adopting practices that minimize NOx emissions, such as optimizing fertilizer application, using nitrification inhibitors, and implementing conservation tillage. Reducing nitrogen oxide emissions supports environmental sustainability and enhances the farm’s reputation for responsible management.

nematode disease: a disease of the alimentary tract and lungs, caused by nematodes. Infection is transmitted from one group of animals to another by means of infective larvae in herbage. Managing nematode diseases in livestock is essential for maintaining animal health and farm productivity. Farmers can benefit from implementing preventive measures such as proper grazing management, regular deworming, and maintaining good hygiene practices. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the spread of infection and minimize economic losses. Ensuring healthy livestock leads to better growth rates and higher farm profitability.

nitrite: 1. an ion with the formula NO2. 2. a chemical compound containing the nitrite ion, e.g., sodium nitrite. Nitrites are formed by bacteria from nitrogen as an intermediate stage in the formation of nitrates. Managing nitrite levels in soil and water is important for ensuring crop and livestock health. Farmers can benefit from regular testing and monitoring of nitrite concentrations, particularly in irrigation water and feed. Implementing practices that reduce nitrite accumulation, such as proper waste management and balanced fertilization, helps protect plant and animal health.

Norfolk horn: a rare breed of sheep adapted to dry heathland. Black-faced and horned. The Norfolk Horn breed is valued for its hardiness and adaptability to challenging environments. Farmers can benefit from raising this rare breed to enhance genetic diversity, improve resilience to local conditions, and tap into niche markets for heritage breeds. Understanding the specific care and management needs of Norfolk Horn sheep supports successful breeding and production, contributing to sustainable livestock farming.

nature management: the activity of managing a natural environment to encourage plant and animal life. Also called habitat management. Effective nature management on farms involves creating and maintaining habitats that support biodiversity and ecosystem services. Farmers can benefit from implementing practices such as planting hedgerows, maintaining wetlands, and creating wildlife corridors. These actions can enhance pollination, natural pest control, and soil health, leading to increased agricultural productivity and sustainability. Engaging in nature management can also attract eco-tourism and educational opportunities, diversifying farm income.