April 2, 2025
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Sterilise

sterilise: to make something sterile by killing the microorganisms in it or on it; to make an organism unable to have offspring (NOTE: This may be done by various means including drugs, surgery, or irradiation.). Properly managing sterilisation ensures biosecurity and prevents disease outbreaks, supporting livestock health and productivity.

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Spruce-Larch Adelgid

spruce-larch adelgid: a relative of the aphid, which may cause serious damage on spruce grown for Christmas trees (Adelges viridis). Managing spruce-larch adelgid populations ensures healthy growth and quality of spruce trees, supporting market value and productivity.

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Stocking Rate

stocking rate: a measure of the carrying capacity of an area in terms of the number of livestock in it at a given time, e.g., the number of animals per hectare. Properly managing stocking rates ensures sustainable grazing and livestock productivity, supporting farm profitability.

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Spraybar

spraybar: an attachment consisting of a horizontal tube with nozzles or jets, used for spraying over a wide area. Using spraybars ensures even distribution of sprays, improving pest and disease control and supporting healthy crop growth.

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Stubble Burning

stubble burning: formerly, a method of removing dry stubble by burning it before ploughing. Stubble burning was banned under the Crop Residues (Burning) Regulations of 1993. COMMENT: Stubble burning has the advantage of removing weed seeds and creating a certain amount of natural fertiliser which can be ploughed into the soil. The disadvantage is that it pollutes the atmosphere with smoke, reducing visibility on roads and releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide. This, together with the possible danger that the fire may get out of control, killing small animals and burning trees and crops, means that it is not recommended as a means of dealing with the stalks of harvested plants. Properly managing stubble burning ensures compliance with environmental regulations and supports sustainable farming practices.

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SPS

SPS: abbreviation Single Payment Scheme. Understanding the Single Payment Scheme helps farmers manage their financial support and comply with regulations, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

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Spade

spade: a common garden tool, with a wide square blade at the end of a strong handle. it is used for making holes or digging by hand. Using spades for manual tasks supports efficient soil management and crop planting, promoting healthy growth.

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Soil Compaction

soil compaction: the process in which soil is pressed down, e.g., by heavy loads, and becomes very firm with little space between its particles. ‘The healthy world market price for soybeans has led to the development of continuous production of this crop and consequently some problems have developed, particularly soil compaction, weed species development, and reduction of soil fertility.’ [Arable Farming] Preventing soil compaction ensures proper root growth and water infiltration, supporting healthy crop growth and sustainable agriculture.

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Sheep Maggot Fly

sheep maggot fly: A type of fly that lays its eggs on the wool of sheep. The eggs hatch into maggots that burrow into the flesh causing a condition known as ‘strike’. Farmers benefit from managing sheep maggot fly infestations to protect livestock health and productivity.

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Sunflower

sunflower: an important oilseed crop grown in temperate areas. COMMENT: The oil extracted from the seeds is used for cooking and for margarine production. The residual cake after pressing is a high-protein livestock feed, and the whole plant can be fed to cattle. It is also useful as a green manure plant. Birds can cause serious damage to sunflower crops by feeding on the ripening seeds. The main producing countries are Russia, the Ukraine, Argentina, and Romania. Properly managing sunflower crops ensures healthy growth and high yields, supporting farm productivity and profitability.

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Soakaway

soakaway: a channel in the ground filled with gravel, which takes rainwater from a downpipe or liquid sewage from a septic tank and allows it to be absorbed into the surrounding soil. Properly managing soakaways ensures efficient drainage and reduces the risk of waterlogging and soil erosion.

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Soil Salinity

soil salinity: the quantity of mineral salts found in a soil. (NOTE: High soil salinity is detrimental to most agricultural crops, although some plants are adapted to such conditions.) Managing soil salinity ensures healthy crop growth and prevents yield losses, supporting productive agriculture.

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Slug

slug: an invertebrate animal without a shell. It causes damage to plants by eating leaves or underground parts, especially in wet conditions. Managing slug populations protects crops from damage, ensuring healthy growth and better yields.

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Support Price

support price: the price at which the EU will buy farm produce which farmers cannot sell, in order to store it. Also called intervention price. Understanding and managing support prices ensures financial stability and market access for farmers, supporting farm profitability.

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Skim Coulter

skim coulter: the part of a plough which turns a small slice off the corner of the furrow about to be turned and throws it into the bottom of the one before. It is attached to the beam behind the disc coulters. Using skim coulters improves soil aeration and preparation, promoting healthy root growth and better crop yields.

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Selenium

selenium: A trace element, an essential part of the diet for all animals. White muscle disease is the symptom of selenium deficiency. Farmers benefit from understanding selenium’s role in preventing deficiencies and ensuring livestock productivity.

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Slug Pellet

slug pellet: a small hard piece of a mixture containing a substance such as metaldehyde which kills slugs. Slug pellets are usually coloured blue-green. Using slug pellets effectively helps farmers control slug infestations, protecting crops and improving yields.