Particle
by particle: A very small piece of a substance. Soil particles. Particles of volcanic ash were carried into the upper atmosphere. Understanding soil particle size and distribution aids in soil management and crop production.
Single Flower
single flower: A flower with only one series of petals, as opposed to a double flower. Farmers benefit from understanding single flowers for better crop and ornamental plant management.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
biochemical oxygen demand: A measure of the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize pollutants in water. Monitoring BOD helps farmers manage water quality and prevent pollution.
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA):
Parent Material Rock
parent material rock: The unweathered base rock which breaks down to form a constituent part of the surface soil. Knowing the parent material helps in soil fertility and management practices.
Chillshelter
Chillshelter: A feeding area surrounded by a high embankment to protect cattle against the cold. Using chillshelters ensures cattle receive adequate nutrition and protection from harsh weather, maintaining their health and productivity.
Body Condition
body condition: The physical state of an animal, especially in terms of fat and muscle. Monitoring body condition helps farmers manage nutrition and health in livestock.
Responsible Care
responsible care: An initiative of the chemical industry which requires member firms to follow codes of conduct on such matters as toxic materials, waste reduction, chemical-accident minimization, worker safety, and community consultation. Following responsible care principles ensures safe and sustainable agricultural practices.
National Animal Identification System (NAIS)
National Animal Identification System (NAIS):
Inactivity
inactivity: The state of not being active. Helps farmers recognize periods of inactivity in crops or livestock and take appropriate action.
Defoliate
defoliate: To make the leaves fall off a plant, especially by using a herbicide or as the result of disease or other stress. Defoliation can be a management tool or a sign of plant stress. Farmers should monitor crops for signs of disease or environmental stress and take appropriate actions to mitigate defoliation. Using defoliants judiciously can help manage crop canopies and improve harvest efficiency. Regular scouting and timely interventions will ensure healthy crop growth and productivity.
Cattle Milk Yogurt
A dairy product made by fermenting milk with beneficial bacteria, resulting in a thick, tangy product. Yogurt is consumed as a snack, dessert, or ingredient in recipes. For instance, making Greek yogurt by straining regular yogurt to achieve a thicker consistency.
Compulsory Dipping Period
Compulsory Dipping Period: Compulsory dipping period noun a period of time, usually some weeks, during which all sheep in the country must be dipped. Managing compulsory dipping periods helps control parasites and protect sheep health.
Soil Texture
The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in the soil, which affect its physical properties and behavior. Soil texture influences water retention, drainage, and nutrient availability. For example, analyzing soil texture to determine its suitability for different crops and management practices.
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS):
Livestock Records
Livestock Records: Livestock records are simple records of all livestock, which each farm has to make and which are then available for the Defra returns which are compiled each year. Maintaining accurate livestock records can help farmers track animal health and productivity and comply with regulatory requirements.
Variegated
variegated: Referring to a plant with different-colored patches. Recognizing variegation can aid in identifying specific plant varieties and managing crop diversity.
Freshening
The process of a dairy cow giving birth and beginning to produce milk. Freshening is a critical event in a dairy cow’s production cycle. For example, managing freshening to ensure cow health and optimize milk production.
Food Product Point Of Sale (Pos) Systems
The technologies and platforms used to process sales transactions, including cash registers, card readers, and inventory management. For example, adopting food product POS systems to improve sales processing and streamline retail operations.
Estate Village
estate village: A planned village built within an estate. Understanding estate villages helps farmers manage rural communities and agricultural land.
Grain Drier
grain drier: A grain drier is a machine that dries moist grain before storage. Using grain driers prevents spoilage and ensures the grain’s quality, improving marketability and storage efficiency.
Contagious Mastitis
A type of mastitis transmitted between cows, often during milking. Contagious mastitis is managed through milking hygiene and treatment protocols. For instance, using proper milking techniques and equipment disinfection to prevent the spread of contagious mastitis.
Normandy
Normandy: a breed of cattle from north-west France that have a white coat with red-brown patches. The animals are reared for meat and for milk, from which Camembert cheese is made. The Normandy breed is valued for its dual-purpose capabilities, providing both high-quality milk and meat. Farmers can benefit from raising Normandy cattle to diversify their livestock operations and produce premium products like Camembert cheese. Understanding the breed’s characteristics and management needs helps optimize production, improve animal welfare, and enhance farm profitability.
Entomologist
entomologist: A scientist who specializes in the study of insects. Entomologists can provide farmers with valuable insights into sustainable pest management practices.
Outstation
outstation: In New Zealand and Australia, a sheep station separate from the main station. Managing outstations effectively can enhance livestock production and resource use. Farmers can benefit from optimizing outstation management to improve animal welfare and productivity.
Coffee
Coffee: Coffee noun 1. a bush or small tree widely grown in the tropics for its seeds, which are used to make a drink. Latin name: Coffea arabica. 2. The drink prepared from the seeds of coffee bushes. COMMENT: The two main varieties of coffee are Arabica and Robusta. The Arabica shrub, (Coffea arabica) was originally grown in the southern parts of the highlands of Ethiopia, and was later introduced into south-western Arabia. The Arabica plant only grows well on altitudes of 1,000m and above. It represents 75% of the worlds total coffee production. Arabica coffee beans are generally considered to produce a higher quality drink than those obtained from the Robusta coffee plant (Coffea canephora) which originated in West Africa. Robusta coffee has a stronger and more bitter taste than Arabica. The most important area for growing coffee is South America, especially Bolivia, Brazil, and Colombia, though it is also grown in Kenya and Indonesia. Cultivating coffee plants requires specific climatic conditions and understanding market demands.
Slurry Injector
slurry injector: a tractor-hauled machine which injects slurry into the soil. Using slurry injectors enhances soil nutrient levels and promotes healthy crop growth, reducing the need for artificial fertilisers.
Tile Draining
tile draining: A means of draining land using underground drains made of clay, plastic, or concrete. Special machines called tile-laying machines are available for this work. Proper tile draining can improve soil health and crop yields by preventing waterlogging.
Parthenocarpy
parthenocarpy: The production of seedless fruits without fertilization having taken place. Producing seedless fruits can meet market demands and reduce the need for pollination management.
Squirrel
squirrel: a medium-sized rodent living in trees. (NOTE: Squirrels are harmless as far as crops are concerned. There are two types of squirrel in the UK: the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).) Managing squirrel populations supports biodiversity and ecological balance on farms.
Plant Physiology
The study of the physical and chemical processes that occur within plants, including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Plant physiology helps understand how plants grow and respond to their environment. For example, studying how different light conditions affect plant growth and development.
Ground Water
ground water: Ground water is water that stays in the top layers of soil or in porous rocks and can collect pollution. Managing ground water resources supports sustainable water use and protects crop health.
Acidification
acidification: The process of becoming acid or making a substance more acid. Acidification of soil can affect crop yields, so farmers must use appropriate amendments to maintain soil health.
Animal Welfare
The ethical treatment and well-being of animals raised for food, fiber, or labor. This includes providing adequate living conditions, humane handling, and minimizing stress. For example, ensuring that chickens have enough space to move freely.